Data Structures chapter 1 Exam Questions with Answers

Data Structures chapter 1 Exam Questions with Answers What are the four phases of software development? - Correct Answers: analysis design implementation testing and debugging algorithm - Correct Answers: step by step problem solving process which a solution is arried at in a finite amount of time structured design - Correct Answers: dividing the problem into smaller subproblems, aka top-down design, stepwise refinement, and modular programing structured programming - Correct Answers: the process of implementing a structured design Object oriented design - Correct Answers: identify the components called objects, which form the basis of the solution, and determine how these objects interact with one another Object Oriented programing - OOP - Correct Answers: progrmaing language that implements OOD what are the following basic principles of OOD - Correct Answers: Encapsulation - combines data and operations in a single unit Inheritance - ability to create new data types from existing data types Polymorphism - ability to use the same expression to denote different operations what is the difference between "cerr" and "cout" - Correct Answers: "cerr" - corresponds to the unbuffered standard error stream. output is immediatly sent to the standard error stream, usually the screen "cout" - output goes first to the buffer, then to the standard error stream Precondition - Correct Answers: statement specifying the conditions that must be true before the function is called Postcondition - Correct Answers: statement specifying what is true after the function call is completed testing and debugging - Correct Answers: testing - testing the correctness of the program, making sure it does what it needs to do debugging - finding and fixing the errors, if they exist test case - Correct Answers: consists of a set of inputs, user actions, or other initial conditions, and the expected output in order to attempt to find problems. must be properly documented black box testing - Correct Answers: do not know the internal working of the algorithm or function boundary values - Correct Answers: testing values that surround and fall on the boundaries white box testing - Correct Answers: relies on the internal structure and implementation of a function or algorithm, objective is to ensure every part of function or algorithm is executed at least once asymptotic - Correct Answers: the study of the function f as n becomes larger and larger without bound class - Correct Answers: collection of a fixed number of components. members of class are components of a class ex: class classIdentifier { class members list }; true or false, you cannot initialize a variable when you declare it - Correct Answers: true you cannot what are access specifiers - Correct Answers: private, public, and protected what is the default access specifier of a class - Correct Answers: private what is a public member - Correct Answers: accesible outside the class unlike private which is not accessible outside the class how do you make a member of a class public - Correct Answers: you use the member access specifier public with a colon default constructor - Correct Answers: constructor without parameters unified modeling language - Correct Answers: a class and its members can be described graphically using this notation public is listed with + private is listed with - protected is listed as # class object or class instance - Correct Answers: class variable is this legal? clockType myClock(); - Correct Answers: no!! must be written without parenthesis how to access members of a class - Correct Answers: classObjectNrName what is the dot "." operater? - Correct Answers: member access operator scope resolution operator - Correct Answers: :: references identifiers ex: void clockType::setTime(int hours, int mins, int secs) client - Correct Answers: a program or software that uses and manipulates the objects of a class instance variables - Correct Answers: variables such as hr, min, and sec, every object has its own instance of the data class object - Correct Answers: can be either automatic (created each time the control reaches tis declaration, and destoryed when the control exits the surroundingblock) or static (created once, when the control reaches its declaration, and destroyed when the program terminates) can you delcare an array of class objects? - Correct Answers: yes, class objects have the same scope as other variables. a member of a class is local to the class and you access a public class member outside the class by usingthe class object name and the member access operator "." default constructor - Correct Answers: constructor with no parameters, or has all default parameters destructors - Correct Answers: does not have a datatype like constructors class can only have one destructor and it has no parameters. the name of a destructor is the "~" followed by the name of the class ex: ~clockType(); automatically executes whent he class object goes out of scope abstraction - Correct Answers: separating the design details from its use abstraction is process of separating logical properties from the implementation details abstract data type or ADT - Correct Answers: a data type that separates the logical properties from the implementation details has 3 things associated with it name of the ADT = type name set of values belonging to the ADT = domain set of operations