NBCOT COTA Exam Prep Domain 2
Questions With Complete Solutions
2025/2026
Wound Healing: Inflammatory Phase - Correct Answer Initial stage of wound healing
that includes:
- clot formation
- blood vessel dilation allowing neutrophils and monocytes to initiate debridement and
attach bacteria
- changes in skin color, temperature, pain, swelling and function
Wound Healing: Proliferation Phase - Correct Answer Second stage of wound healing
that begins by day three after injury; includes:
- wound re-vascularization
- scab formation
- wound re-epitheliazation (new skin layer)
- fibroblasts initiating contraction
- erythema and beginning of scar formation
Wound Healing: Maturation Phase - Correct Answer Final phase of wound healing that
may continue for months or years that includes:
- collagen remodeling
- scar softens while its tensile strength increases
- erythema lessens
Conduction - Correct Answer Transfer of energy between two connected surfaces of
contrasting temperatures; examples include:
- paraffin wax
- cryotherapy
- hot pack
Convection - Correct Answer Transfer of energy from a circulating source in contact
with a body part; examples include:
- Fluidotherapy
- whirlpool
Evaporation - Correct Answer Physiological response resulting from the topical
application of a vapocoolant; examples include:
- cold spray
- cooling cream
Hot Pack - Correct Answer Superficial, moist heat, conduction modality. Requires
taking precautions to prevent:
- overheating of the client
- localized burns to the body part being treated
,- discomfort from the weight of the pack
* Recommended for use as an adjunct to other occupation-based interventions *
Fluidotherapy - Correct Answer Superficial, dry heat, convection modality that involves
inserting a distal extremity into a thermostatically-controlled machine of circulating
particles; typically used for:
- desensitization
- edema and pain reduction
- improving range of motion
* Recommended for use as an adjunct to other occupation-based interventions *
Paraffin Therapy - Correct Answer Superficial, conduction, heat modality that involves
use of thermostatically controlled, warmed wax and mineral oil; methods include:
- immersion
- dip immersion
- pouring
* Recommended for use as an adjunct to other occupation-based interventions *
Cryotherapy - Correct Answer Superficial, conduction, cold modality that may be used
to address:
- spasticity
- pain
- edema
* Recommended for use as an adjunct to other occupation-based interventions *
Electrotherapeutic Physical Agent Modalities - Correct Answer Physical agent
modalities (PAM) that require essential knowledge of electrical principles, electrode
selection and placement, indications, and contraindications; example include:
- neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)
- functional electrical stimulation (FES)
- transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) - Correct Answer A type of physical
agent modality that provides electrical stimulation to a peripheral nerve; Potential uses
include:
- strengthen a muscle
- increase ROM
- decrease spasms
- manage edema
* Recommended for use as an adjunct to other occupation-based interventions *
Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) - Correct Answer Form of electrotherapy to:
- maintain muscle mass
- gain range of motion
- facilitate voluntary movement
- manage spasticity
,* Recommended for use as an adjunct to other occupation-based interventions *
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) - Correct Answer Form of
electrotherapy used as a component of a comprehensive pain management program.
Techniques of application include:
- subsensory
- sensory
- motor
* Recommended for use as an adjunct to other occupation-based interventions *
Ultrasound (US) - Correct Answer Mechanical acoustic modality that uses energy
conversion to influence:
- tissue length
- pain
- inflammation
- tissue healing
* Recommended for use as an adjunct to other occupation-based interventions *
Play Space - Correct Answer Designated environment designed for children to foster:
- exploration
- play
- socialization
Temperament - Correct Answer Behavioral attributes of a personality that influences
social interactions in nine areas:
- activity level
- rhythmicity
- approach of withdrawal
- attention span
- threshold of response
- distractibility
- adaptibility
- intensity of response
- quality of mood
Activity Modification - Correct Answer Adaptations to activities or tools to:
- promote a lifestyle change
- facilitate independence
- reduce injury or health-related risk
Activity Pacing - Correct Answer Energy conservation technique that includes:
- integrating regular rest breaks into daily activities
- establishing daily habits and routines
- maintaining adequate sleep hygiene
, Activity Planning - Correct Answer Energy conservation technique that involves looking
ahead days, weeks or months to develop a strategy for organizing and scheduling tasks
based on occupational roles, priorities, task demands and expected energy expenditure
levels and include time for rest and recovery.
Just Right Challenge - Correct Answer Top-down task analysis approach that involves
identifying client-centered activities that:
- are meaningful and contextually relevant
- provide the greatest opportunity for success
- maintain motivation and arousal
Task Simplification - Correct Answer Method of grading activity to allow the capacity of
the client to match activity demands; may involve:
- breaking an activity into smaller parts
- eliminating steps of an activity
- modifying objects used during the activity
Incremental Gradation of Occupation - Correct Answer Gradual increase or decrease
in activity and/or environmental demands to optimize a client's performance, typically
started from where the client will be successful
Client Education - Correct Answer Collaborative client-centered teaching approach
used to advise a client on:
- plan of care and goals
- resources
- discharge planning
- home programs
* Includes assessing the ability to carry out health care recommendations *
Automaticity - Correct Answer Ability to perform activities using an automatic response
or habit; involves less attention to details of the procedural steps. Intervention strategies
may include:
- linking a new activity to an exiting one
- ensuring a consistency in instruction, steps and environment
Redirection - Correct Answer A verbal cue or physical action used to inform a client
that it is time to attend a different task or activity
Behavioral Modification - Correct Answer An intervention strategy used to shape
behavior; typically associated with providing a combination of positive or negative
reinforcement
Generalization of Skills - Correct Answer Ability to transfer a newly learned skill across
a variety of contexts and activities; facilitated by:
- maintaining client motivation
- contextually relevant practice
Questions With Complete Solutions
2025/2026
Wound Healing: Inflammatory Phase - Correct Answer Initial stage of wound healing
that includes:
- clot formation
- blood vessel dilation allowing neutrophils and monocytes to initiate debridement and
attach bacteria
- changes in skin color, temperature, pain, swelling and function
Wound Healing: Proliferation Phase - Correct Answer Second stage of wound healing
that begins by day three after injury; includes:
- wound re-vascularization
- scab formation
- wound re-epitheliazation (new skin layer)
- fibroblasts initiating contraction
- erythema and beginning of scar formation
Wound Healing: Maturation Phase - Correct Answer Final phase of wound healing that
may continue for months or years that includes:
- collagen remodeling
- scar softens while its tensile strength increases
- erythema lessens
Conduction - Correct Answer Transfer of energy between two connected surfaces of
contrasting temperatures; examples include:
- paraffin wax
- cryotherapy
- hot pack
Convection - Correct Answer Transfer of energy from a circulating source in contact
with a body part; examples include:
- Fluidotherapy
- whirlpool
Evaporation - Correct Answer Physiological response resulting from the topical
application of a vapocoolant; examples include:
- cold spray
- cooling cream
Hot Pack - Correct Answer Superficial, moist heat, conduction modality. Requires
taking precautions to prevent:
- overheating of the client
- localized burns to the body part being treated
,- discomfort from the weight of the pack
* Recommended for use as an adjunct to other occupation-based interventions *
Fluidotherapy - Correct Answer Superficial, dry heat, convection modality that involves
inserting a distal extremity into a thermostatically-controlled machine of circulating
particles; typically used for:
- desensitization
- edema and pain reduction
- improving range of motion
* Recommended for use as an adjunct to other occupation-based interventions *
Paraffin Therapy - Correct Answer Superficial, conduction, heat modality that involves
use of thermostatically controlled, warmed wax and mineral oil; methods include:
- immersion
- dip immersion
- pouring
* Recommended for use as an adjunct to other occupation-based interventions *
Cryotherapy - Correct Answer Superficial, conduction, cold modality that may be used
to address:
- spasticity
- pain
- edema
* Recommended for use as an adjunct to other occupation-based interventions *
Electrotherapeutic Physical Agent Modalities - Correct Answer Physical agent
modalities (PAM) that require essential knowledge of electrical principles, electrode
selection and placement, indications, and contraindications; example include:
- neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)
- functional electrical stimulation (FES)
- transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) - Correct Answer A type of physical
agent modality that provides electrical stimulation to a peripheral nerve; Potential uses
include:
- strengthen a muscle
- increase ROM
- decrease spasms
- manage edema
* Recommended for use as an adjunct to other occupation-based interventions *
Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) - Correct Answer Form of electrotherapy to:
- maintain muscle mass
- gain range of motion
- facilitate voluntary movement
- manage spasticity
,* Recommended for use as an adjunct to other occupation-based interventions *
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) - Correct Answer Form of
electrotherapy used as a component of a comprehensive pain management program.
Techniques of application include:
- subsensory
- sensory
- motor
* Recommended for use as an adjunct to other occupation-based interventions *
Ultrasound (US) - Correct Answer Mechanical acoustic modality that uses energy
conversion to influence:
- tissue length
- pain
- inflammation
- tissue healing
* Recommended for use as an adjunct to other occupation-based interventions *
Play Space - Correct Answer Designated environment designed for children to foster:
- exploration
- play
- socialization
Temperament - Correct Answer Behavioral attributes of a personality that influences
social interactions in nine areas:
- activity level
- rhythmicity
- approach of withdrawal
- attention span
- threshold of response
- distractibility
- adaptibility
- intensity of response
- quality of mood
Activity Modification - Correct Answer Adaptations to activities or tools to:
- promote a lifestyle change
- facilitate independence
- reduce injury or health-related risk
Activity Pacing - Correct Answer Energy conservation technique that includes:
- integrating regular rest breaks into daily activities
- establishing daily habits and routines
- maintaining adequate sleep hygiene
, Activity Planning - Correct Answer Energy conservation technique that involves looking
ahead days, weeks or months to develop a strategy for organizing and scheduling tasks
based on occupational roles, priorities, task demands and expected energy expenditure
levels and include time for rest and recovery.
Just Right Challenge - Correct Answer Top-down task analysis approach that involves
identifying client-centered activities that:
- are meaningful and contextually relevant
- provide the greatest opportunity for success
- maintain motivation and arousal
Task Simplification - Correct Answer Method of grading activity to allow the capacity of
the client to match activity demands; may involve:
- breaking an activity into smaller parts
- eliminating steps of an activity
- modifying objects used during the activity
Incremental Gradation of Occupation - Correct Answer Gradual increase or decrease
in activity and/or environmental demands to optimize a client's performance, typically
started from where the client will be successful
Client Education - Correct Answer Collaborative client-centered teaching approach
used to advise a client on:
- plan of care and goals
- resources
- discharge planning
- home programs
* Includes assessing the ability to carry out health care recommendations *
Automaticity - Correct Answer Ability to perform activities using an automatic response
or habit; involves less attention to details of the procedural steps. Intervention strategies
may include:
- linking a new activity to an exiting one
- ensuring a consistency in instruction, steps and environment
Redirection - Correct Answer A verbal cue or physical action used to inform a client
that it is time to attend a different task or activity
Behavioral Modification - Correct Answer An intervention strategy used to shape
behavior; typically associated with providing a combination of positive or negative
reinforcement
Generalization of Skills - Correct Answer Ability to transfer a newly learned skill across
a variety of contexts and activities; facilitated by:
- maintaining client motivation
- contextually relevant practice
