PHT2602 Assignment 2 Semester 1 2025

PHT2602
Assignment 2
Semester 1 2025
QUESTION 1 [12]

1.1 Difference Between Dry Cows and Lactating Cows (4 Marks)

 Dry Cows: These are cows that are not currently producing milk. They are in a
resting period before the next calving and are usually dried off about 60 days
before calving.
 Lactating Cows: These are cows that are actively producing milk after calving
and are milked regularly.

1.2 Intramammary Preparations for Dry Cow Treatment and Mastitis Treatment
(4+4 Marks)


Aspect Dry Cow Treatment Mastitis Treatment

Prevent infections during the dry Treat active mastitis
Purpose
period infections

Given after the last milking before
Administration Given during lactation
drying off

Antibiotics Used Long-acting antibiotics Short-acting antibiotics

, Aspect Dry Cow Treatment Mastitis Treatment

Withdrawal
Long withdrawal period Short withdrawal period
Period




QUESTION 2 [20]

Control Cycle of Cortisol in the Body

1. Hypothalamus Releases CRH (Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone):
Stimulated by stress or low cortisol levels.
2. Pituitary Gland Releases ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone): ACTH
stimulates the adrenal glands.
3. Adrenal Glands Produce Cortisol: Cortisol helps regulate metabolism,
suppresses inflammation, and responds to stress.
4. Negative Feedback Mechanism: High cortisol levels inhibit the release of CRH
and ACTH to prevent excess production.




QUESTION 3 [10]

Side Effects of Prolonged Use of Glucocorticoids Since glucocorticoids antagonize
insulin, prolonged use can lead to:

 Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar)
 Diabetes mellitus
 Muscle wasting
 Osteoporosis
 Increased risk of infections
 Suppressed immune response