BIO 172 UH MANOA EXAM 2 WITH 100% CORRECT
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS YEAR 2024/2025
Animals - verified answers-Multicellular eukaryotes
Heterotrophs: Ingest their food
Lack Cell Walls
Body held together by structural proteins such as collagen
Collagen - verified answers-Make up connective tissues (fibers)
Flexible and high tensile (stretching)
Skin - verified answers-Dense irregular arrangement of
collagen
Ligament - verified answers-Collagen arranged in sheets
(Connects Bones)
Tendon - verified answers-Cable-like arrangement of collagen
(Connects muscle to bone)
How do animals reproduce? Which stage is dominant in life
cycle - verified answers-Sexually
Diploid
Zygote - verified answers-Fertilized egg
(Sperm+Egg=Zygote)
Undergoes rapid cell division called cleavage
Cleavage - verified answers-The process of cytokinesis in
animal cells, characterized by pinching of the plasma
membrane; specifically, the succession of rapid cell divisions
without growth during early embryonic development that
converts the zygote into a ball of cells
Ectoderm - verified answers-outermost germ layer; produces
sense organs, nerves, and outer layer of skin
,Indian pangolin - verified answers-Manis crassicaudata
example given
Tissues - verified answers-Collections of specialized cells with
a common function, isolated from other tissues by membranous
layers
Germ Layers - verified answers-Give rise to tissues and organs
of animal embryo
Gastrulation - verified answers-developmental process in which
three distinct cell layers form in an embryo: the endoderm,
mesoderm, and ectoderm
gastrula - verified answers-a stage of embryonic development
characterized by the differentiation of the cells into the
ectoderm and endoderm germ layers and by the formation of
the archenteron
Mesoderm - verified answers-middle germ layer; develops into
muscles, and much of the circulatory, reproductive, and
excretory systems
Blastula - verified answers-Cell that has undergone many cell
cleavages
Hollow call of cells mark the end of cleavage stage during early
embryonic development.
Bilaterians - verified answers-All Multicellular animals other
than sponges and cnidarians
Exhibit bilateral symmetry and cephalization
Deuterostome - verified answers-Cell proliferation by radial
cleavage
Coelom forms from outpocket of the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the anus
,Class: Trematoda - verified answers--Flukes
-All Parasitic, usually with a mollusc and a vertebrate host
-Affect 200 million people
-Symptoms: pain, anemia, dysentery, and liver damage
Phylum: Annelida - verified answers--Have a true coelom and a
closed circulatory system
-Body plan exhibits distinct repetition of segments: Metameric
-Split into two major clades: Errantia and Sedentaria
Endoderm - verified answers-the inner germ layer that develops
into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems
Diploblastic - verified answers-Animals that exhibit both
ectoderm and endoderm in the embryo
(Corals, jellyfish)
Triploblastic - verified answers-Animals that have intervening
Mesoderm layer (bilaterians)
Instars - verified answers-Successive life stages between molts
of insects
Cephalization - verified answers-Organization of senses and
locomotion toward head region
Larva - verified answers-Sexually immature and anatomically
distinct from the adult, undergoes metamorphosis
Juvenile - verified answers-Resembles an adult, but not
sexually mature
Sacculina kentrogon life stage - verified answers-Injects cells
into crab host
Develop into parasitic network of tissues all over crab
Crabs think they are their eggs and tend to it
, Animal diversity hypothesized how many years ago? - verified
answers-675 and 800 million years ago
Cambrian explosion - verified answers-535-525 million years
ago, marks earliest fossil appearance of many animal major
groups
Several hypotheses Cambrian explosions (3 of them) - verified
answers-1. New predator-prey relationships
2. A rise in atmospheric oxygen
3. The evolution of the Hox gene complex
Hox Genes - verified answers-series of genes that controls the
differentiation of cells and tissues in an embryo
Most species are ________. Over _____ species, over ______
of all known animals. - verified answers-1. Arthropods (animals
with jointed exoskeleton)
2. 1 million
3. 3/4
Protosome - verified answers-Cell proliferation by spiral
cleavage
Coelom forms within the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the mouth
Catch collagen - verified answers-Unique connective tissue of
echinoderms, changes rapidly from solid to liquid state in
response to stimulation from the nervous system
Coelom - verified answers-Body cavity surrounding the gut
Groups based on coelom form are related or not related? -
verified answers-No directly related!
Phylum Placozoa - verified answers-- Smallest genome (Only
11,500 genes)
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS YEAR 2024/2025
Animals - verified answers-Multicellular eukaryotes
Heterotrophs: Ingest their food
Lack Cell Walls
Body held together by structural proteins such as collagen
Collagen - verified answers-Make up connective tissues (fibers)
Flexible and high tensile (stretching)
Skin - verified answers-Dense irregular arrangement of
collagen
Ligament - verified answers-Collagen arranged in sheets
(Connects Bones)
Tendon - verified answers-Cable-like arrangement of collagen
(Connects muscle to bone)
How do animals reproduce? Which stage is dominant in life
cycle - verified answers-Sexually
Diploid
Zygote - verified answers-Fertilized egg
(Sperm+Egg=Zygote)
Undergoes rapid cell division called cleavage
Cleavage - verified answers-The process of cytokinesis in
animal cells, characterized by pinching of the plasma
membrane; specifically, the succession of rapid cell divisions
without growth during early embryonic development that
converts the zygote into a ball of cells
Ectoderm - verified answers-outermost germ layer; produces
sense organs, nerves, and outer layer of skin
,Indian pangolin - verified answers-Manis crassicaudata
example given
Tissues - verified answers-Collections of specialized cells with
a common function, isolated from other tissues by membranous
layers
Germ Layers - verified answers-Give rise to tissues and organs
of animal embryo
Gastrulation - verified answers-developmental process in which
three distinct cell layers form in an embryo: the endoderm,
mesoderm, and ectoderm
gastrula - verified answers-a stage of embryonic development
characterized by the differentiation of the cells into the
ectoderm and endoderm germ layers and by the formation of
the archenteron
Mesoderm - verified answers-middle germ layer; develops into
muscles, and much of the circulatory, reproductive, and
excretory systems
Blastula - verified answers-Cell that has undergone many cell
cleavages
Hollow call of cells mark the end of cleavage stage during early
embryonic development.
Bilaterians - verified answers-All Multicellular animals other
than sponges and cnidarians
Exhibit bilateral symmetry and cephalization
Deuterostome - verified answers-Cell proliferation by radial
cleavage
Coelom forms from outpocket of the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the anus
,Class: Trematoda - verified answers--Flukes
-All Parasitic, usually with a mollusc and a vertebrate host
-Affect 200 million people
-Symptoms: pain, anemia, dysentery, and liver damage
Phylum: Annelida - verified answers--Have a true coelom and a
closed circulatory system
-Body plan exhibits distinct repetition of segments: Metameric
-Split into two major clades: Errantia and Sedentaria
Endoderm - verified answers-the inner germ layer that develops
into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems
Diploblastic - verified answers-Animals that exhibit both
ectoderm and endoderm in the embryo
(Corals, jellyfish)
Triploblastic - verified answers-Animals that have intervening
Mesoderm layer (bilaterians)
Instars - verified answers-Successive life stages between molts
of insects
Cephalization - verified answers-Organization of senses and
locomotion toward head region
Larva - verified answers-Sexually immature and anatomically
distinct from the adult, undergoes metamorphosis
Juvenile - verified answers-Resembles an adult, but not
sexually mature
Sacculina kentrogon life stage - verified answers-Injects cells
into crab host
Develop into parasitic network of tissues all over crab
Crabs think they are their eggs and tend to it
, Animal diversity hypothesized how many years ago? - verified
answers-675 and 800 million years ago
Cambrian explosion - verified answers-535-525 million years
ago, marks earliest fossil appearance of many animal major
groups
Several hypotheses Cambrian explosions (3 of them) - verified
answers-1. New predator-prey relationships
2. A rise in atmospheric oxygen
3. The evolution of the Hox gene complex
Hox Genes - verified answers-series of genes that controls the
differentiation of cells and tissues in an embryo
Most species are ________. Over _____ species, over ______
of all known animals. - verified answers-1. Arthropods (animals
with jointed exoskeleton)
2. 1 million
3. 3/4
Protosome - verified answers-Cell proliferation by spiral
cleavage
Coelom forms within the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the mouth
Catch collagen - verified answers-Unique connective tissue of
echinoderms, changes rapidly from solid to liquid state in
response to stimulation from the nervous system
Coelom - verified answers-Body cavity surrounding the gut
Groups based on coelom form are related or not related? -
verified answers-No directly related!
Phylum Placozoa - verified answers-- Smallest genome (Only
11,500 genes)
