1. A nurse is administering a dose of phenytoin to a client
with seizures. The nurse should monitor the client for which
of the following adverse effects?
A. Gingival hyperplasia
B. Weight loss
C. Tremors
D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: a) Gingival hyperplasia
Rationale: Phenytoin is associated with gingival
hyperplasia, an overgrowth of the gum tissue, as a common
adverse effect.
2. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving an IV
infusion of potassium chloride. Which of the following
actions should the nurse take?
A. Monitor for signs of hyperkalemia.
B. Administer potassium chloride rapidly to avoid irritation.
C. Ensure the potassium infusion is diluted in a large volume
of fluid.
D. Discontinue the infusion if the client has a pulse rate
above 100 bpm.
Answer: c) Ensure the potassium infusion is diluted in a
large volume of fluid.
Rationale: Potassium chloride should be infused slowly and
properly diluted to avoid adverse effects like cardiac
arrhythmias or vein irritation.
3. A nurse is caring for a client receiving enalapril. Which of
the following should be monitored regularly?
A. Blood pressure
,B. Blood glucose level
C. Respiratory rate
D. Serum calcium
Answer: a) Blood pressure
Rationale: Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor, primarily used for
hypertension management. Blood pressure should be
closely monitored to ensure the medication is effective.
4. A nurse is administering levodopa to a client with
Parkinson's disease. The nurse should monitor for which of
the following side effects?
A. Muscle rigidity
B. Orthostatic hypotension
C. Tachycardia
D. Sedation
Answer: b) Orthostatic hypotension
Rationale: Levodopa can cause orthostatic hypotension, a
drop in blood pressure when moving from sitting or lying
down to standing.
5. A nurse is teaching a client about the use of an albuterol
inhaler. The nurse should instruct the client to use the
inhaler for which of the following purposes?
A. As a long-term asthma controller
B. To relieve acute bronchospasm
C. To treat chronic cough
D. As a corticosteroid replacement
Answer: b) To relieve acute bronchospasm
Rationale: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA)
used for quick relief of acute bronchospasm in conditions
like asthma.
, 6. A nurse is caring for a client receiving furosemide. Which
of the following findings should the nurse monitor for as a
potential adverse effect?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypotension
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: b) Hypokalemia
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause
potassium loss, leading to hypokalemia. The nurse should
monitor potassium levels and provide supplementation as
needed.
7. A nurse is caring for a client receiving the antibiotic
gentamicin. The nurse should monitor the client for which of
the following adverse effects?
A. Ototoxicity
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hypertension
D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: a) Ototoxicity
Rationale: Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, can
cause ototoxicity, leading to hearing loss or tinnitus. The
nurse should monitor the client's hearing.
8. A nurse is administering an opioid analgesic to a
postoperative client. Which of the following should be
included in the nurse’s assessment before administration?
A. Bowel sounds
B. Respiratory rate
C. Blood pressure
D. Heart rate
with seizures. The nurse should monitor the client for which
of the following adverse effects?
A. Gingival hyperplasia
B. Weight loss
C. Tremors
D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: a) Gingival hyperplasia
Rationale: Phenytoin is associated with gingival
hyperplasia, an overgrowth of the gum tissue, as a common
adverse effect.
2. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving an IV
infusion of potassium chloride. Which of the following
actions should the nurse take?
A. Monitor for signs of hyperkalemia.
B. Administer potassium chloride rapidly to avoid irritation.
C. Ensure the potassium infusion is diluted in a large volume
of fluid.
D. Discontinue the infusion if the client has a pulse rate
above 100 bpm.
Answer: c) Ensure the potassium infusion is diluted in a
large volume of fluid.
Rationale: Potassium chloride should be infused slowly and
properly diluted to avoid adverse effects like cardiac
arrhythmias or vein irritation.
3. A nurse is caring for a client receiving enalapril. Which of
the following should be monitored regularly?
A. Blood pressure
,B. Blood glucose level
C. Respiratory rate
D. Serum calcium
Answer: a) Blood pressure
Rationale: Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor, primarily used for
hypertension management. Blood pressure should be
closely monitored to ensure the medication is effective.
4. A nurse is administering levodopa to a client with
Parkinson's disease. The nurse should monitor for which of
the following side effects?
A. Muscle rigidity
B. Orthostatic hypotension
C. Tachycardia
D. Sedation
Answer: b) Orthostatic hypotension
Rationale: Levodopa can cause orthostatic hypotension, a
drop in blood pressure when moving from sitting or lying
down to standing.
5. A nurse is teaching a client about the use of an albuterol
inhaler. The nurse should instruct the client to use the
inhaler for which of the following purposes?
A. As a long-term asthma controller
B. To relieve acute bronchospasm
C. To treat chronic cough
D. As a corticosteroid replacement
Answer: b) To relieve acute bronchospasm
Rationale: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA)
used for quick relief of acute bronchospasm in conditions
like asthma.
, 6. A nurse is caring for a client receiving furosemide. Which
of the following findings should the nurse monitor for as a
potential adverse effect?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypotension
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: b) Hypokalemia
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause
potassium loss, leading to hypokalemia. The nurse should
monitor potassium levels and provide supplementation as
needed.
7. A nurse is caring for a client receiving the antibiotic
gentamicin. The nurse should monitor the client for which of
the following adverse effects?
A. Ototoxicity
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hypertension
D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: a) Ototoxicity
Rationale: Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, can
cause ototoxicity, leading to hearing loss or tinnitus. The
nurse should monitor the client's hearing.
8. A nurse is administering an opioid analgesic to a
postoperative client. Which of the following should be
included in the nurse’s assessment before administration?
A. Bowel sounds
B. Respiratory rate
C. Blood pressure
D. Heart rate
