DISTINCTION TEST IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
DISTINCTION TEST
Name Distinction Between Reagent Detection Remarks
Lucas Test 10, 20 and 30 alcohols Conc. HCl, Anhyd. AlCl3 30 – immediate turbidity OH Hatao Cl lagao
20 - turbidity after 5-10 min.
10 - No turbidity
AgNO3 Test Haloalkanes and Haloarenes AgNO3 AgCl (white ppt) Cl hatao, NO2 lagao
Tollen’s Test Aldehydes and Ketones [Ag(NH3)2] (Alkaline medium)
+ Silver Mirror (Ag) Aldehyde + [Ag(NH3)2]⁺ → RCOO⁻ + Ag￬
But Ketone + [Ag(NH3)2]⁺ → X
Fehling’s Aldehydes and Ketones 2Cu2+ 4OH- Red Brown PPT (Cu2O)
Test (Aromatic Aldehyde also)
Iodoform Aldehyde & Ketone having NaOH + I2 (Yellow ppt), CHI3 CH3CO- + NaOH + I2 → CHI3 (yellow ppt)
Test minimum one CH3 group CH3CHOH + NaOH + I2 → CHI3 (yellow
ppt)
NaHCO3 Test RCOOH & Phenol NaHCO3 CO2 RCOOH + NaHCO3 → RCOONa + CO2
RCOOH & Ester
2,4 DNP Test either RCHO or Ketone Orange Red
Bayer’s Test Double or triple bond Br2 / H2O Decolourise C- + Br2(Red) → -C(Br)-C(Br)
present in straight chain (Colourless)
Azo-Dye Test Aliphatic and Aromatic NaNO2, HCl β-napthol, Orange dye
10 Amines (insoluble in water)
Junaid ( Junnu’s Bhaiya )
DTU, Delhi
DISTINCTION TEST
Name Distinction Between Reagent Detection Remarks
Lucas Test 10, 20 and 30 alcohols Conc. HCl, Anhyd. AlCl3 30 – immediate turbidity OH Hatao Cl lagao
20 - turbidity after 5-10 min.
10 - No turbidity
AgNO3 Test Haloalkanes and Haloarenes AgNO3 AgCl (white ppt) Cl hatao, NO2 lagao
Tollen’s Test Aldehydes and Ketones [Ag(NH3)2] (Alkaline medium)
+ Silver Mirror (Ag) Aldehyde + [Ag(NH3)2]⁺ → RCOO⁻ + Ag￬
But Ketone + [Ag(NH3)2]⁺ → X
Fehling’s Aldehydes and Ketones 2Cu2+ 4OH- Red Brown PPT (Cu2O)
Test (Aromatic Aldehyde also)
Iodoform Aldehyde & Ketone having NaOH + I2 (Yellow ppt), CHI3 CH3CO- + NaOH + I2 → CHI3 (yellow ppt)
Test minimum one CH3 group CH3CHOH + NaOH + I2 → CHI3 (yellow
ppt)
NaHCO3 Test RCOOH & Phenol NaHCO3 CO2 RCOOH + NaHCO3 → RCOONa + CO2
RCOOH & Ester
2,4 DNP Test either RCHO or Ketone Orange Red
Bayer’s Test Double or triple bond Br2 / H2O Decolourise C- + Br2(Red) → -C(Br)-C(Br)
present in straight chain (Colourless)
Azo-Dye Test Aliphatic and Aromatic NaNO2, HCl β-napthol, Orange dye
10 Amines (insoluble in water)
Junaid ( Junnu’s Bhaiya )
DTU, Delhi
