,ICH4801 Assignment 3 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) Semester
1 2025 - DUE 2025; 100% trusted, comprehensive and
complete reliable solution with clear explanation.
ALL QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY
SECTION A: COMPULSORY SECTION
Question 1 [40 marks]
Questions 1(a) (20 marks) and 1(b) (20 marks) – compulsory
1(a) Comparative education (chapter 8 of the prescribed book)
1. Define "comparative education". (4)
2. Discuss any four phases of the historical evolution of the field
of comparative and international education. (8)
3. Discuss four areas that show the value and the purpose of
comparative education and its contribution to education as a
whole. (8) [20]
1(a) Comparative Education
1. Definition of "Comparative Education" (4 marks)
Comparative education is the study of educational systems,
policies, practices, and outcomes across different countries,
cultures, or regions. It involves comparing educational
structures, methods, and philosophies to understand how
education functions globally and to derive insights for
improving education systems. This field helps identify common
,educational challenges and solutions by analyzing similarities
and differences between various educational systems.
2. Four Phases of the Historical Evolution of the Field of
Comparative and International Education (8 marks)
1. Pre-Scientific Phase (Before the 19th Century):
o In this early phase, comparative education was more
anecdotal and descriptive rather than systematic.
Educational ideas were shared mainly through travel
writings and observations of different societies. There
was little theoretical or empirical research in the field.
2. Development of Comparative Methods (19th Century):
o During the 19th century, the field began to take on a
more systematic approach. Scholars like Herbert
Spencer and John Dewey started to apply scientific
methods to the study of education. Comparative
education started being recognized as a distinct
discipline, with attention to the institutional structures
and curricular content of various countries.
3. Scientific Phase (Early to Mid-20th Century):
o In this phase, comparative education was shaped by
positivist and scientific methodologies. Scholars such
as C. J. Stigler and Alexis Thériez contributed
significantly to the use of comparative research
methods, leading to more empirical studies, data
collection, and quantitative analysis. It was marked by
the establishment of the International Bureau of
Education (IBE) and the development of international
educational systems.
, 4. Post-War Expansion and Globalization (Post-World
War II):
o After World War II, the field expanded rapidly in
response to global challenges such as decolonization,
the spread of democracy, and international
development. Theories such as dependency theory and
modernization theory were influential, as comparative
education began addressing issues like the relationship
between education and economic development, the
role of education in social mobility, and the growing
demand for international cooperation in education.
3. Four Areas That Show the Value and Purpose of
Comparative Education and Its Contribution to Education
as a Whole (8 marks)
1. Improvement of Educational Practices:
o By examining educational systems and practices in
different contexts, comparative education can help
identify effective teaching methods and educational
reforms. For example, looking at successful
educational models from other countries can inspire
innovation and improvements in curriculum design,
teaching methods, and assessment techniques.
2. Policy Development and Reform:
o Comparative education provides policymakers with
valuable insights into the effects of various
educational policies. By comparing different systems,
policymakers can adopt practices and policies that
have been proven successful in other nations, thereby
1 2025 - DUE 2025; 100% trusted, comprehensive and
complete reliable solution with clear explanation.
ALL QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY
SECTION A: COMPULSORY SECTION
Question 1 [40 marks]
Questions 1(a) (20 marks) and 1(b) (20 marks) – compulsory
1(a) Comparative education (chapter 8 of the prescribed book)
1. Define "comparative education". (4)
2. Discuss any four phases of the historical evolution of the field
of comparative and international education. (8)
3. Discuss four areas that show the value and the purpose of
comparative education and its contribution to education as a
whole. (8) [20]
1(a) Comparative Education
1. Definition of "Comparative Education" (4 marks)
Comparative education is the study of educational systems,
policies, practices, and outcomes across different countries,
cultures, or regions. It involves comparing educational
structures, methods, and philosophies to understand how
education functions globally and to derive insights for
improving education systems. This field helps identify common
,educational challenges and solutions by analyzing similarities
and differences between various educational systems.
2. Four Phases of the Historical Evolution of the Field of
Comparative and International Education (8 marks)
1. Pre-Scientific Phase (Before the 19th Century):
o In this early phase, comparative education was more
anecdotal and descriptive rather than systematic.
Educational ideas were shared mainly through travel
writings and observations of different societies. There
was little theoretical or empirical research in the field.
2. Development of Comparative Methods (19th Century):
o During the 19th century, the field began to take on a
more systematic approach. Scholars like Herbert
Spencer and John Dewey started to apply scientific
methods to the study of education. Comparative
education started being recognized as a distinct
discipline, with attention to the institutional structures
and curricular content of various countries.
3. Scientific Phase (Early to Mid-20th Century):
o In this phase, comparative education was shaped by
positivist and scientific methodologies. Scholars such
as C. J. Stigler and Alexis Thériez contributed
significantly to the use of comparative research
methods, leading to more empirical studies, data
collection, and quantitative analysis. It was marked by
the establishment of the International Bureau of
Education (IBE) and the development of international
educational systems.
, 4. Post-War Expansion and Globalization (Post-World
War II):
o After World War II, the field expanded rapidly in
response to global challenges such as decolonization,
the spread of democracy, and international
development. Theories such as dependency theory and
modernization theory were influential, as comparative
education began addressing issues like the relationship
between education and economic development, the
role of education in social mobility, and the growing
demand for international cooperation in education.
3. Four Areas That Show the Value and Purpose of
Comparative Education and Its Contribution to Education
as a Whole (8 marks)
1. Improvement of Educational Practices:
o By examining educational systems and practices in
different contexts, comparative education can help
identify effective teaching methods and educational
reforms. For example, looking at successful
educational models from other countries can inspire
innovation and improvements in curriculum design,
teaching methods, and assessment techniques.
2. Policy Development and Reform:
o Comparative education provides policymakers with
valuable insights into the effects of various
educational policies. By comparing different systems,
policymakers can adopt practices and policies that
have been proven successful in other nations, thereby
