FAD 3220 EXAM 1-CHAPTER 1-4
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Life span development - correct answer- What is the field of study that examines
patterns of growth change and stability in behavior that occur throughout the life span. It
uses a scientific approach and focuses on human development
Physical Development - correct answer- this examines ways in which the body's
makeup helps determine behavior.
Cognitive development
Cognitive developmentalists - correct answer- this requires seeking to understand how
growth and change in intellectual capabilities influence a persons behavior. these type
of people examine learning, memory, problem solving and intelligence.
Personality Development - correct answer- this is the study of stability and change in
the characteristics that differentiate one person from another over the life span.
Social Development - correct answer- is the way in which individuals interactions and
relationships with other grow and change and remain stable over the course of life.
-prenatal period(conception to birth);
-infancy and toddlerhood(birth to 3);
-the preschool period(3 to 6);
-middle childhood(6 to 11); -adolescence(11 to 20);
-young adulthood(20 to 40); -middle adulthood(40 to 65);
- late adulthood(65 to death).
,These are social constructions: aka culturally derived. - correct answer- What are the
ranges that life span is divided into?
-Heredity: DNA, Chromosomes, Genes
- Evniorment: Parents, Siblings, schools, neighboorhoods, communities
-Maturation: changes over time, can be innfluenced by the ones above - correct
answer- What are the influences on development?
Contexts- enviornments, philosophies, institutions ( a setting that influence
development)
-Family
-Socioeconimic status (SES)
-Gender Roles
-Culture
-ethnicity
-language
-religion
-geographic location - correct answer- What are contexts of development?
-Normative Age Graded Influences
-Normative History Graded Influences - correct answer- What are normative influences
on development?
-Affects the individual, like a unique circumstance
Ex.-Disease, Disability, Trauma - correct answer- What are non normative influences
on development?
-How much of a person's behavior is due to genetics (nature) or due to the environment
(nurture)?
• Nature: one's abilities and characteristics are inherited and predetermined.
• Nurture: one's social and environmental influences shape their behavior.
• We should consider that these two issues are on a continuum, with each issue on one
end of the continuum. Partocular behaviors may fall somewhere between each end. -
correct answer- Nature V. Nuture
Cohort - correct answer- What is a group of people born at or around the same time
and place
,History-Graded Influences - correct answer- what are biological and environmental
influences they are associated with a particular history moment.
Age graded Influences - correct answer- what are biological and environmental
influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group regardless of when or
where they were raised.
Sociocultural-Graded influences - correct answer- what are the social and cultural
factors preset at a particular time for a particular individual depending on ethnicity,
social class, and subcultural membership
Non-Normative Life events - correct answer- what are specific, atypical events that
occur in a particular persons life at a time when such events don't happen to most
people.
Continuous change - correct answer- what is gradual development in which
achievements at one level build on those of previous levels.
Discontinuous change - correct answer- what is development occurs in distinct steps or
stages with each stage bringing about behavior that is assumed to be qualitatively
different from behavior at earlier stages.
Critical Period - correct answer- a specific time during development when a particular
event has its greatest consequences and the presence of certain kinds of stimuli are
necessary for development to proceed normally.
Sensitive periods - correct answer- scientists are more likely to speak of these than
critical periods. A point in development when organisms are particularly susceptible to
certain kinds of stimuli in their environments, but the absence of those stimuli does not
always produce irreversible consequences.
Nature - correct answer- what are traits, abilities and capacities, that are inherited from
ones parents
Nurture - correct answer- what are environmental influences that shape behavior
Maturation - correct answer- what is the predetermined unfolding of genetic information
Theories - correct answer- what are broad explanations and predictions about
phenomena of interest
Psychodynamic perspective - correct answer- the approach that states behavior is
motivated by inner forces, memories, and conflicts that are generally beyond peoples
awareness and control.
, Psychoanalytic theory - correct answer- the theory proposed by freud that suggests
that unconscious forces act to determine personality and behavior.
ID: Pleasure Principle
EGO: Reality principle, balances id and superego
Superego: morality principle - correct answer- According to Freud what are the parts of
personality?
Psychosexual Development - correct answer- according to freud, a series of stages
that children pass through in which pleasure, or gratification, if focused on a particular
biological function and body part.
-Oral (birth to 12 to 18 months)- like breast feeding
-Anal (12 to 18 months to 3 years) - like potty training, if not by this time then will have
problems as adult•
-Phallic(3to6 years)
-Latency (6 years to puberty)
-Genital (puberty through adulthood)
According to Freud, if children are not able to gratify themselves during these stages or
if they receive too much gratification, they may become fixated. - correct answer- What
are the psychosexual stages
Psychosocial Development - correct answer- according to Erickson, development that
encompasses changes both in the understandings individuals have of themselves as
members of society and in there comprehension of the meaning of others behavior.
Behavioral Perspective - correct answer- the approach that suggest that the keys to
understanding development are observable behavior and outside stimuli in the
environment
Classical Conditioning - correct answer- a type of learning in which an organism
responds in a particular way to a neutral stimulus that normally doesn't bring about that
type of response.(automatic)
Operant Conditioning - correct answer- a form of leaning in which a voluntary response
is strengthened or weakened by its associations with positive or negative feedback.
Behavioral Modification - correct answer- a formal technique for promoting the
frequency of desirable behaviors and decreasing the incidence of unwanted ones.
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Life span development - correct answer- What is the field of study that examines
patterns of growth change and stability in behavior that occur throughout the life span. It
uses a scientific approach and focuses on human development
Physical Development - correct answer- this examines ways in which the body's
makeup helps determine behavior.
Cognitive development
Cognitive developmentalists - correct answer- this requires seeking to understand how
growth and change in intellectual capabilities influence a persons behavior. these type
of people examine learning, memory, problem solving and intelligence.
Personality Development - correct answer- this is the study of stability and change in
the characteristics that differentiate one person from another over the life span.
Social Development - correct answer- is the way in which individuals interactions and
relationships with other grow and change and remain stable over the course of life.
-prenatal period(conception to birth);
-infancy and toddlerhood(birth to 3);
-the preschool period(3 to 6);
-middle childhood(6 to 11); -adolescence(11 to 20);
-young adulthood(20 to 40); -middle adulthood(40 to 65);
- late adulthood(65 to death).
,These are social constructions: aka culturally derived. - correct answer- What are the
ranges that life span is divided into?
-Heredity: DNA, Chromosomes, Genes
- Evniorment: Parents, Siblings, schools, neighboorhoods, communities
-Maturation: changes over time, can be innfluenced by the ones above - correct
answer- What are the influences on development?
Contexts- enviornments, philosophies, institutions ( a setting that influence
development)
-Family
-Socioeconimic status (SES)
-Gender Roles
-Culture
-ethnicity
-language
-religion
-geographic location - correct answer- What are contexts of development?
-Normative Age Graded Influences
-Normative History Graded Influences - correct answer- What are normative influences
on development?
-Affects the individual, like a unique circumstance
Ex.-Disease, Disability, Trauma - correct answer- What are non normative influences
on development?
-How much of a person's behavior is due to genetics (nature) or due to the environment
(nurture)?
• Nature: one's abilities and characteristics are inherited and predetermined.
• Nurture: one's social and environmental influences shape their behavior.
• We should consider that these two issues are on a continuum, with each issue on one
end of the continuum. Partocular behaviors may fall somewhere between each end. -
correct answer- Nature V. Nuture
Cohort - correct answer- What is a group of people born at or around the same time
and place
,History-Graded Influences - correct answer- what are biological and environmental
influences they are associated with a particular history moment.
Age graded Influences - correct answer- what are biological and environmental
influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group regardless of when or
where they were raised.
Sociocultural-Graded influences - correct answer- what are the social and cultural
factors preset at a particular time for a particular individual depending on ethnicity,
social class, and subcultural membership
Non-Normative Life events - correct answer- what are specific, atypical events that
occur in a particular persons life at a time when such events don't happen to most
people.
Continuous change - correct answer- what is gradual development in which
achievements at one level build on those of previous levels.
Discontinuous change - correct answer- what is development occurs in distinct steps or
stages with each stage bringing about behavior that is assumed to be qualitatively
different from behavior at earlier stages.
Critical Period - correct answer- a specific time during development when a particular
event has its greatest consequences and the presence of certain kinds of stimuli are
necessary for development to proceed normally.
Sensitive periods - correct answer- scientists are more likely to speak of these than
critical periods. A point in development when organisms are particularly susceptible to
certain kinds of stimuli in their environments, but the absence of those stimuli does not
always produce irreversible consequences.
Nature - correct answer- what are traits, abilities and capacities, that are inherited from
ones parents
Nurture - correct answer- what are environmental influences that shape behavior
Maturation - correct answer- what is the predetermined unfolding of genetic information
Theories - correct answer- what are broad explanations and predictions about
phenomena of interest
Psychodynamic perspective - correct answer- the approach that states behavior is
motivated by inner forces, memories, and conflicts that are generally beyond peoples
awareness and control.
, Psychoanalytic theory - correct answer- the theory proposed by freud that suggests
that unconscious forces act to determine personality and behavior.
ID: Pleasure Principle
EGO: Reality principle, balances id and superego
Superego: morality principle - correct answer- According to Freud what are the parts of
personality?
Psychosexual Development - correct answer- according to freud, a series of stages
that children pass through in which pleasure, or gratification, if focused on a particular
biological function and body part.
-Oral (birth to 12 to 18 months)- like breast feeding
-Anal (12 to 18 months to 3 years) - like potty training, if not by this time then will have
problems as adult•
-Phallic(3to6 years)
-Latency (6 years to puberty)
-Genital (puberty through adulthood)
According to Freud, if children are not able to gratify themselves during these stages or
if they receive too much gratification, they may become fixated. - correct answer- What
are the psychosexual stages
Psychosocial Development - correct answer- according to Erickson, development that
encompasses changes both in the understandings individuals have of themselves as
members of society and in there comprehension of the meaning of others behavior.
Behavioral Perspective - correct answer- the approach that suggest that the keys to
understanding development are observable behavior and outside stimuli in the
environment
Classical Conditioning - correct answer- a type of learning in which an organism
responds in a particular way to a neutral stimulus that normally doesn't bring about that
type of response.(automatic)
Operant Conditioning - correct answer- a form of leaning in which a voluntary response
is strengthened or weakened by its associations with positive or negative feedback.
Behavioral Modification - correct answer- a formal technique for promoting the
frequency of desirable behaviors and decreasing the incidence of unwanted ones.
