NBME PATHOLOGY FINAL EXAM TEST
g g g g
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g g g g g
EHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED AN
g g g g
SWERS GRADED A+ | 100% PASS | 2025 U
g g g g g g g g
PDATE!
Exceptionsgtogthegrulegofghowgcarcinomasgspread:g-
g ✔✔✔gCorrectgAnswerg >g Renalgcellgcarcinomag(spreadsgviaginvasiongof
grenalgvein)ghepatocellulargcarcinomag(invadesghepaticgvein),gfolliculargca
rcinomagofgthegthyroid,gchoriocarcinoma,gwhichgbothgspreadghematogen
ouslygalso.
Agbenigngtumorgofgthegepitheliumgisga:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >
adenoma,gpapilloma
Necrosis:g-
g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >g Exogenousginjurygcausesgenzymaticgdegrada
tiongandgproteingdenaturationgofgagcell.gICgcomponentsgextravasate.g**T
here'sganginflammatorygprocessgunlikegapoptosis**
Coagulativegnecrosisgoccursgingthe:g-
g ✔✔✔gCorrectgAnswerg>g Causedgbygischemiagorginfarctiongtypically.gh
eart,gliver,gkidney.gOccursgingtissuesgsuppliedgbygendgarteries.gHighgcytop
lasmicgbindinggofgacidophilicgdye.
Proteinsgdenaturegfirstgfollowedgbygenzymaticgdegradation.
,Liquefactivegnecrosisgoccursgingthe:g-
g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >g brain,gbacterialgabscessgandgpleuralgeffusio
n.gOccursgingCNSgbecausegofghighgfatgcontentgthere.gUnlikegcoaggnecrosis
,genzymaticgdegradationgduegtogreleasegofglysosomalgenzymesgoccursgfir
st.
Agmalignantgtumorgofgepitheliumgis:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >
adenocarcinoma,gpapillarygcarcinoma
Agbenigngtumorgofgthegbloodgvessels:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >
hemangioma
Basicgcharacteristicsgofgagbenigngtumor:g-
g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >gwell-
differentiated,gnognecrosis,gwellgdemarcated,gnogmetastases,glowgmito
ticgactivity
Basicgcharacteristicsgofgagmalignantgtumor:g-
g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >gmaygbegpoorlygdifferentiated,gerraticggrowth,
glocallyginvasiveg/gdiffuse,gmaygmetastasize,glowgapoptosis
What'sgthegmechanismgbehindglowgapoptosisgingmalignancies?g-
g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg>g upregulationgofgtelomerasegpreventsgshort
eninggofgthegtelomeresgandgthusgcellgdeath.
,Cachexia:g-
g✔✔✔gCorrectgAnswerg>g weightgloss,gmusclegatrophygandgfatiguegtha
tgoccurgingthegsettinggofgchronicgdiseaseg(AIDS,gcancer,gheartgfailure,gTB)
.gMediatedgbygTNF-alphag(calledgcachectin)gIFN-gammagandgIL-6.
DISEASEg--
gCANCERgAssociations:gAcanthosisgnigricansg(hyperpigmentationgandgep
ithelialgthickening)g-
g ✔✔✔gCorrectgAnswerg >g visceralgmalignanyg(espgstomach)
Agmalignantgtumorgofgbloodgvessels:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >
angiosarcoma
CEA:g-
g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >g CarcinoEmbryonicgAntigen.gVerygnonspecifi
cgbutgproducedgbyg70%gofgcolorectalgandgpancreaticgcancers;galsogproduc
edgbyggastric,gbreastgandgmedullarygthyroidgcarcinomas
PSA:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >g prostate-
specificgantigen.gUsedgtogfollowgprostategadenocarcinoma.gCangalsogbegel
evatedgingBPHg(benigngprostaticghyperplasia)gandgprostatitis.gQuestionab
legriskg/gbenefitgforgscreening.
S-100:g-
g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >g neuralgcrestgorigin,giegmelanomas,gneuralgtu
mors,gschwannomas,glangerhan'sgcellghistiocytosis.
, TRAP:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >g Tatrate-
resistantgacidgphosphatase.gHairygcellgleukemia--agBgcellgneoplasm.
Agmalignantgtumorgofgblood:g-
g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >g leukemia,glymphoma
Agbenigngtumorgofgsmoothgmuscle:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >
Leiomyoma
Agmalignantgtumorgofgsmoothgmuscle:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >
leiomyosarcoma
Agbenigngtumorgofgstriatedgmuscle:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >
rhabdomyoma
Agmalignantgtumorgofgstriatedgmuscle:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >
rhabdomyosarcoma
Agbenigngtumorgofgconnectivegtissue:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >
fibroma
Agmalignantgtumorgofgconnectivegtissue:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >
fibrosarcoma
g g g g
BANK | NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPR
g g g g g
EHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED AN
g g g g
SWERS GRADED A+ | 100% PASS | 2025 U
g g g g g g g g
PDATE!
Exceptionsgtogthegrulegofghowgcarcinomasgspread:g-
g ✔✔✔gCorrectgAnswerg >g Renalgcellgcarcinomag(spreadsgviaginvasiongof
grenalgvein)ghepatocellulargcarcinomag(invadesghepaticgvein),gfolliculargca
rcinomagofgthegthyroid,gchoriocarcinoma,gwhichgbothgspreadghematogen
ouslygalso.
Agbenigngtumorgofgthegepitheliumgisga:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >
adenoma,gpapilloma
Necrosis:g-
g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >g Exogenousginjurygcausesgenzymaticgdegrada
tiongandgproteingdenaturationgofgagcell.gICgcomponentsgextravasate.g**T
here'sganginflammatorygprocessgunlikegapoptosis**
Coagulativegnecrosisgoccursgingthe:g-
g ✔✔✔gCorrectgAnswerg>g Causedgbygischemiagorginfarctiongtypically.gh
eart,gliver,gkidney.gOccursgingtissuesgsuppliedgbygendgarteries.gHighgcytop
lasmicgbindinggofgacidophilicgdye.
Proteinsgdenaturegfirstgfollowedgbygenzymaticgdegradation.
,Liquefactivegnecrosisgoccursgingthe:g-
g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >g brain,gbacterialgabscessgandgpleuralgeffusio
n.gOccursgingCNSgbecausegofghighgfatgcontentgthere.gUnlikegcoaggnecrosis
,genzymaticgdegradationgduegtogreleasegofglysosomalgenzymesgoccursgfir
st.
Agmalignantgtumorgofgepitheliumgis:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >
adenocarcinoma,gpapillarygcarcinoma
Agbenigngtumorgofgthegbloodgvessels:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >
hemangioma
Basicgcharacteristicsgofgagbenigngtumor:g-
g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >gwell-
differentiated,gnognecrosis,gwellgdemarcated,gnogmetastases,glowgmito
ticgactivity
Basicgcharacteristicsgofgagmalignantgtumor:g-
g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >gmaygbegpoorlygdifferentiated,gerraticggrowth,
glocallyginvasiveg/gdiffuse,gmaygmetastasize,glowgapoptosis
What'sgthegmechanismgbehindglowgapoptosisgingmalignancies?g-
g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg>g upregulationgofgtelomerasegpreventsgshort
eninggofgthegtelomeresgandgthusgcellgdeath.
,Cachexia:g-
g✔✔✔gCorrectgAnswerg>g weightgloss,gmusclegatrophygandgfatiguegtha
tgoccurgingthegsettinggofgchronicgdiseaseg(AIDS,gcancer,gheartgfailure,gTB)
.gMediatedgbygTNF-alphag(calledgcachectin)gIFN-gammagandgIL-6.
DISEASEg--
gCANCERgAssociations:gAcanthosisgnigricansg(hyperpigmentationgandgep
ithelialgthickening)g-
g ✔✔✔gCorrectgAnswerg >g visceralgmalignanyg(espgstomach)
Agmalignantgtumorgofgbloodgvessels:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >
angiosarcoma
CEA:g-
g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >g CarcinoEmbryonicgAntigen.gVerygnonspecifi
cgbutgproducedgbyg70%gofgcolorectalgandgpancreaticgcancers;galsogproduc
edgbyggastric,gbreastgandgmedullarygthyroidgcarcinomas
PSA:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >g prostate-
specificgantigen.gUsedgtogfollowgprostategadenocarcinoma.gCangalsogbegel
evatedgingBPHg(benigngprostaticghyperplasia)gandgprostatitis.gQuestionab
legriskg/gbenefitgforgscreening.
S-100:g-
g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >g neuralgcrestgorigin,giegmelanomas,gneuralgtu
mors,gschwannomas,glangerhan'sgcellghistiocytosis.
, TRAP:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >g Tatrate-
resistantgacidgphosphatase.gHairygcellgleukemia--agBgcellgneoplasm.
Agmalignantgtumorgofgblood:g-
g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >g leukemia,glymphoma
Agbenigngtumorgofgsmoothgmuscle:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >
Leiomyoma
Agmalignantgtumorgofgsmoothgmuscle:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >
leiomyosarcoma
Agbenigngtumorgofgstriatedgmuscle:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >
rhabdomyoma
Agmalignantgtumorgofgstriatedgmuscle:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >
rhabdomyosarcoma
Agbenigngtumorgofgconnectivegtissue:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >
fibroma
Agmalignantgtumorgofgconnectivegtissue:g-g ✔✔✔gCorrectg Answerg >
fibrosarcoma