NHM 328 Exam 2 | Questions with 100% Correct Answers

NHM 328 Exam 2 | Questions with 100% Correct Answers The principle that growth proceeds from the center of the body outward is known as the ___________. proximodistal principle When considering the development of the brain, one biological function that demonstrates the importance of environmental interaction is ________. synaptic pruning Infants raised in severely restricted environments show structural brain differences. At least some of these differences, in particular facets of development, may be linked to a specific but limited time period. These time periods are known as ________. sensitive periods Gabriel's parents were impressed with his repertoire of responses that helped him to adapt to his environment as an infant. These unlearned and involuntary responses are known as _______. Reflexes An infant's crawling is really a gross motor skill that is interconnected with many other skills, including other motor skills and sensory capabilities. This idea that motor development is coordinated and interconnected supports the ______ theory. dynamic systems Marcus's mother was proud of the fact that her baby crawled early, walked early, and was able to negotiate the stairs early. Marcus's mother had been studying ________. developmental norms Which is an advantage of breastfeeding? mothers reduced risk of ovarian cancer _________ is the activation of the sense organs, whereas _________ is the mental process of sorting out, interpreting, analyzing, and integrating stimuli. Sensation; perception If a 9-month-old infant is the 'visual cliff' experiment did not willingly crawl across the cliff, it revealed that the infant had developed _________. depth perception One of the most highly developed sensory systems in a newborn is the sense of _______. Touch Six-week-old Nigel went through periods of alertness, fussing, and crying. These periods are referred to as __________. States ________________ is a disorder in which seemingly healthy infants die in their sleep. sudden infant death syndrome Why does the rooting reflex have survival value? it helps the baby eat Wyatt is performing his favorite fine motor skill. Which of the following is he doing? Grasping Once solid foods are introduced, bottle and breastfeeding should ___________. continue at least for the first 12 months According to Piaget's theory, young infants do not understand that people and objects exist when they cannot be seen. This is known as _________. object permanence For Ashley's second birthday, her family went on a trip to Disney World, but now, just four years later, Ashley has little or no memory of this family trip. Ashley's inability to remember this major family excursion is due to ________. infantile amnesia Which measures mental and motor abilities in infants from 2 to 24 months? bayley scales of infant development Claude gets his mother's attention by making a kind of grunting noise and then looks at the ball just out of his reach. Claude's attempt to communicate his desire for the ball is an example of _________. prelinguistic communication Alphie calls for the 'book' when he wants the menu at the neighborhood diner. Alfie's use of the word 'book' to include the menu best illustrates which characterization of early speech? Overextension In the nativist approach to language development, theorist Noam Chomsky suggests that an innate mechanism directs language development. This neural system is called a(n) __________. language acquisition device Martha went from person to person asking whether they wanted some birthday cake, but when she asked the youngest children at the party, her voice pitch rose and she spoke with a type of singing quality. Martha was utilizing _________ with the children present. infant directed speech Research on deaf infants reveals which of the following comparisons in language development when compared with non-deaf infants? mothers of deaf and non deaf children both employ infant directed speech Three-week-old Alex will suck on anything that touches his lips whether it is his hand, his father's back, a cloth diaper, or a toy. This indiscriminate sucking is an example of a __________. simple reflex Kevin watched his dad shave at the sink. The next day, Kevin's mom observed him standing in front of the mirror and using a comb like a razor, carefully taking strokes at his chin. According to Piaget, Kevin is engaging in _________. deferred imitation One of the explanations for why infants appear to remember less is because __________ may play a key role in how memories are recalled early in life. Language The brain's ability to grow, change, and create new connections between cells is known as __________. Neuroplasticity Developmental psychologist Arnold Gesell formulated a __________ that is an overall developmental score that relates to performance in four domains: motor skills, language use, adaptive behavior, and personal-social. developmental quotient The systematic, meaningful arrangement of symbols, which provides the basis for communication, is known as __________. Language Raffaela squeals and claps when her daughter squeals. They go back and forth squealing almost as though they are in a conversation. This is an example of __________ communication. Prelinguistic Katrina and five other children are participating in a research project. They are each set in front of a mirror after the researcher places red rouge on their noses. These children are participating in a research study looking at ________. self awareness As 14-month-old Timothy walked across his yard, a dog suddenly knocked him over. Timothy immediately looked to the adults sitting nearby to assess their reaction to this incident. Timothy is using _______ to gain an understanding of this surprise encounter. social referencing When Coco wants more juice, she realizes that if she asks her father, he can provide her with more. This simple request is evidence that Coco knows something about thinking and about how others think and can influence behavior. This knowledge is known as _________. theory of mind Elke is an infant who is being exposed to various strangers. She will be introduced to children, women, and men. Given the research on stranger anxiety, what do you predict will be her response? show less anxiety with the female stranger than with the male stranger One of the most important connections than an infant can make is the positive emotional bond that develops between the infant and a particular individual. This is known as __________. Attachment Harry Harlow conducted research with monkeys and a surrogate who was either a wire 'mother' that provided food or a terry cloth 'mother' that provided no nourishment. Harlow discovered that the monkeys spent the most time __________. cuddling with the Terry cloth mother The ______ style of attachment is a pattern in which children use the mother as a home base and become upset when she leaves. Secure During the end of infancy, children are testing the boundaries. When encouraged to explore those boundaries, they should successfully achieve which stage of Erikson's theory? autonomy versus shame and doubt Which of the following is a category of temperament described by Thomas and Chess? slow to warm Adults view the behavior of an infant named John as adventurous but the same behavior in an infant named Mary is seen as fearful. Adults are interpreting the child's action through the lens of _________, which is through the lens of the sense of being male or female. Gender The first emotions to emerge are __________. interest and distress An emotional response that corresponds to the feelings of another person is called __________. Empathy The caution and wariness displayed by infants when encountering an unfamiliar person is called __________. stranger anxiety Konrad Lorenz found that goslings whose eggs were raised in an incubator and who viewed him just after hatching would follow his every movement, as if he were their mother. This behavior is called __________. Imprinting Research suggests that mothers and fathers play differently with their children. Mothers tend to play __________, whereas fathers tend to play __________. games with more verbal elements; rough-and-tumble activities Physical growth during the preschool years is characterized by _____________. steady growth in height and weight The right hemisphere of the brain is involved with __________. emotional expression At about 2 a.m. Sammi awoke from a deep sleep with a scream. He was confused and not easily calmed. After some time, Sammi went back to is regular sleep, but in the morning he reported that he remembered none of this incident. Sammi most likely experienced __________. night terrors Obesity is defined as a body mass index at or above the _____ for children of the same age and sex. 95th percentile Which of the following is the greatest threat to wellness in preschool children? Injuries Anna's parents are concerned because their daughter accidentally drank water tainted with lead. Based on the research on lead poisoning, they are that their daughter will develop ________. Hyperactivity Seamus's mother ignores him when he cries and he is often left alone in front of a television with a bowl of popcorn while his mother goes out. Seamus is experiencing ____________. neglect During the preschool years, gender differences in motor skills become more evident. Boys tend to have greater __________ while girls tend to have greater __________ strength; coordination Children's artwork progresses through a series f stages during the preschool years. Those stages are ____, ______, and ______. scribbling; shape; design; pictorial Radha is three years old and has proper nutrition and health care. What part of Radha's body is growing the fastest during this period of development? Brain Cognitive advances like memory, attention, concentration, and the development of language are correlated with __________ growth spurts in the brain Cassidy, a 4-year-old girl, is struggling to fall asleep at night. Which of the following may reduce Cassidy's sleep disturbance? eliminating media exposure close to bedtime The ability to put oneself in another's shoes is known as __________. Empathy The most frequent reaction of 2- to 4-year-old children who spend time in the hospital is __________. Anxiety Researcher looking at the impact of spanking find that __________. spanking should be avoided entirely During Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development, __________ thought grows as mental reasoning emerges. Symbolic __________ is the process of concentrating on one limited aspect of a stimulus and ignoring other aspects. Centration The primitive reasoning that preschoolers use to explore and draw conclusions about their world is known as __________. intuitive thinking Piaget's cognitive theory stresses the __________ changes that occur in each stage, whereas the information-processing approach views cognitive development as more __________. qualitative; quantitative