a-IPC Exam Study Guide (Practice Test -3) Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+

a-IPC Exam Study Guide (Practice Test #3) Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+ Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the antibiogram for Staphylococcus isolates shown below? Total # of Isolates Clindamycin Tetracycline Trimeth/Sulfa Vancomycin Staphylococcus aureus MRSA Staphylococcus, coagulase-negative 98 100 1) 50 percent of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to Vancomycin 2) 12 percent of MRSA isolates were resistant to Trimeth/Sulfa 3) Clindamycin should not be used for coagulase-negative Staphylococcus infections in this facility because 100 percent of isolates were resistant to it 4) There were no cases of Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in this facility a. 2 b. 2, 4 c. 1, 2, 4 d. 1, 2, 3, 4 - Answer: b. 2, 4 The most unlikely method of transmission of infection in a healthcare setting would be: a. Airborne b. Vehicle c. Vector d. Contact - Answer: c. Vector After an incident in which human milk from one mother was mistakenly fed to another mother's infant, the infection preventionist (IP) is tasked with leading a team to determine why the event occurred and how it can be prevented from happening again in the future. This type of analysis is known as: a. Root cause analysis (RCA) b. Gap analysis c. Strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats (SWOT) analysis d. Failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) - Answer: a. Root cause analysis (RCA) Which one of the following best describes the difference between a common point source outbreak and a propagated outbreak? a. Case fatality rates in common source outbreaks are higher b. Person-to-person transmission is a feature of common source outbreaks c. The attack rate in propagated outbreaks is higher d. All cases in a common point source outbreak occur within one incubation period of the exposure - Answer: d. All cases in a common point source outbreak occur within one incubation period of the exposure Which of the following aid in the diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis (PMC)? 1) Colonoscopic biopsy of lesions 2) Raised antibody levels in blood to Clostridium difficile toxin 3) Positive blood culture for Clostridium difficile 4) Stool assays for Clostridium difficile a. 1, 2 b. 2, 3 c. 3, 4 d. 1, 4 - Answer: d. 1, 4 A patient is admitted with fever, nausea and vomiting, sensitivity to light, and stiff neck. Symptom onset has been progressing slowly over several weeks. The Gram stain of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is India ink positive, and there is low glucose and predominant lymphocytes. What type of precautions is required for this patient? a. Standard plus Droplet Precautions b. Standard Precautions c. Standard plus Airborne Precautions d. Standard plus Contact Precautions - Answer: b. Standard Precautions How can streptococci be differentiated from staphylococci under the microscope following the Gram stain procedure? a. Staphylococci are Gram positive cocci, while streptococci are Gram positive bacilli b. Staphylococci are Gram negative bacilli, while streptococci are Gram negative cocci c. Staphylococci are Gram positive, while streptococci are Gram negative d. Staphylococci are Gram positive and grow in grape-like clusters, while streptococci which are also Gram positive, grow in chains - Answer: d. Staphylococci are Gram positive and grow in grape-like clusters, while streptococci which are also Gram positive, grow in chains Frequency histograms and polygons are most useful for variables of what level of measurement? 1) Interval scale 2) Ratio scale 3) Nominal scale 4) Ordinal scale a. 1, 2 b. 1, 3 c. 2, 3 d. 3, 4 - Answer: a. 1, 2 Which of the following is the correct order for disinfecting endoscopes? a. High-level disinfection, rinse the scope with sterile water, flush the channels with 70 to 90 percent alcohol, dry using forced air b. Rinse the scope using sterile water, high-level disinfection, flush the channels with 70 to 90 percent alcohol, dry using forced air c. Flush the channels with 70 to 90 percent alcohol, rinse the scope using sterile water, high-level disinfection, dry using forced air d. Dry using forced air, high-level disinfection, flush the channels with 70 to 90 percent alcohol, rinse the scope using sterile water - Answer: a. High-level disinfection, rinse the scope with sterile water, flush the channels with 70 to 90 percent alcohol, dry using forced air The lead IP is invited to participate in an employee health process improvement project. The goal of the project is to improve influenza vaccination rates among employees. A multidisciplinary team is formed with representation from front-line employees. After conducting a root cause analysis (RCA), the team develops a proposal for improvement to present to the facility leadership team. Which of the following elements should be included as part of the proposal to most clearly communicate to the leadership team the factors contributing to the facilities' current vaccination rate among employees? a. A timeline for implementing improvement activities b. A Pareto chart c. A fishbone diagram with an explanation d. A strategic plan - Answer: c. A fishbone diagram with an explanation An IP wants to make external comparisons of the data collected relating to catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Which of the formulas below will allow the IP to accurately benchmark against nationally available data? a. The number of ICU patients with urinary catheters in a given month divided by the number of urinary tract infections identified in the same month times 1,000 b. The number of ICU urinary tract infections identified in a given month divided by the number of urinary catheter days in the same month times 1,000 c. The number of urinary catheters used in the ICU in a given month divided by the number of urinary tract infections identified in the same month times 1,000 d. The number of urinary tract infections identified in a given month divided by the total number of patient days in the ICU in the same month times 1,000 - Answer: b. The number of ICU urinary tract infections identified in a given month divided by the number of urinary catheter days in the same month times 1,000 A 16-year-old male is brought to the ER with a fever, and a wound on his left leg that is draining purulent material. He complains of swelling and pain. He is a quarterback on the high school football team and has several turf burns on both legs. Past medical history is insignificant. The culture grows gram-positive organisms in clusters. What is the most likely differential diagnosis? a. Parasitic infection b. Atypical mycobacterium infection c. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus d. Streptococcus pyogenes - Answer: c. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus The IP has worked with the Preoperative Services manager to plan and implement practices to help decrease the bioburden of microorganisms on patients' skin prior to planned surgeries. Which of the following might be included in their plan? 1) Active surveillance culturing for epidemiologically significant organisms 2) Preoperative showering using antimicrobial soap 3) Preoperative antibiotics given prior to the "cut time" 4) Treatment of remote site infections prior to surgery a. 1, 2, 3 b. 1, 2, 4 c. 2, 3, 4 d. 1, 3, 4 - Answer: b. 1, 2, 4 Which of the following employee infections would require that the healthcare worker be restricted from patient contact? a. Sinus infection being treated by antibiotic b. Small, painful vesicular lesion on the fingertip c. Shingles, which has been treated with an antiviral for past 4 days d. Dry, crusted lesion on right arm with no new drainage - Answer: b. Small, painful vesicular lesion on the fingertip You are participating in a team to select and evaluate novel environmental disinfectant products. When preparing a presentation to the team on the advantages of ultra violet (UV) irradiation, it is important to include information on: 1) Patients may remain in the room with the device operating 2) Decontamination can be achieved in 2.5 hours 3) HVAC system does not need to be disabled 4) Ability to achieve reductions in vegetative bacteria a. 1, 4 b. 2, 4 c. 3, 4 d. 1, 3 - Answer: c. 3, 4 Which part of a published research study contains a brief summary of the entire research process with interpretation of data, conclusions from the data, limitations of the study and recommendations for further research? a. Introduction b. Methods c. Results d. Discussion - Answer: d. Discussion An IP conducts an audit of the kitchen at an acute care facility. Which of the following would be a concern? a. Food servers wearing a plain wedding band b. Vegetables stored below raw meat in the refrigerator c. Nonabsorbent cutting boards d. Food stored 6 inches above floor - Answer: b. Vegetables stored below raw meat in the refrigerator As the sample size increases, what tends to happen to the 95 percent confidence interval? a. The margin of error increases b. They become more precise c. They become wider d. They become less precise - Answer: b. They become more precise Which of the following is not an Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requirement for healthcare linens? a. Employers must launder all workers' personal protective garments or uniforms that are contaminated with blood or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) b. Contaminated textiles should be bagged or otherwise contained at their point of use c. In the laundry facility, positive pressure should be maintained in the area where contaminated textiles are received d. Wet contaminated laundry must be placed in leakproof and color-coded or labeled containers at the location where it was used - Answer: c. In the laundry facility, positive pressure should be maintained in the area where contaminated textiles are received The microbiology lab calls the IP with a CSF Gram stain result. From an infection prevention and control standpoint, the most concerning result would be: a. Gram-negative rods b. Gram-positive cocci in pairs c. Acid-fast bacilli d. Gram-negative diplococci - Answer: d. Gram-negative diplococci The reservoir of microbes of pathogens present in potable water and its delivery network include: 1) Staphlococci 2) Pseudomonas spp. 3) Nontuberculous Mycobacteria 4) Arthrobacter spp. a. 1, 2 b. 2, 3 c. 1, 4 d. 2, 4 - Answer: b. 2, 3 Which of the following is conducted to reduce construction hazard risk? a. Mitigation b. Preparedness c. Response d. Recovery - Answer: a. Mitigation A patient is admitted with watery diarrhea and abdominal cramps. The food history interview reveals that the patient consumed raw oysters recently. Which of the following organisms is the most likely cause? a. Yersinia b. Clostridium difficile c. Vibrio d. Campylobacter - Answer: c. Vibrio A patient with a history of a cough greater than 3 weeks, night sweats, weight loss and a chest x-ray "suspicious for tuberculosis (TB)" is scheduled for a bronchoscopy. The procedure should be performed in which setting? a. The Operating Room under positive pressure b. Radiology c. An airborne infection isolation room with negative airflow d. Procedure room in Endoscopy - Answer: c. An airborne infection isolation room with negative airflow A patient tells his nurse that he thinks his apartment is infested with bed bugs. Upon examination, the nurse finds bites on the patient's legs. The nurse contacts you for direction. Your response to the nurse is: a. Assess the hospital room for mosquitoes b. Place the patient's belongings is a plastic bag and tie securely c. Request that the belongings be incinerated d. This might be a rash related to a new antimicrobial that the patient is taking - Answer: b. Place the patient's belongings is a plastic bag and tie securely A p value expressed as p <0.01 indicates: a. The possibility of these results occurring by chance alone is very small, so therefore, the result is not significant b. The possibility of these results occurring by chance alone is less than 1 in 100 and, therefore, significant enough to prove causality c. The null hypothesis should be rejected and the alternative hypothesis should be accepted d. The null hypothesis should be accepted - Answer: c. The null hypothesis should be rejected and the alternative hypothesis should be accepted Which of the following must be documented when using soaking solutions for cleaning instruments? 1) Monitoring the temperature of the solution 2) Monitoring the room temperature 3) Monitoring the humidity of the room 4) The time the instruments soaked a. 1, 2 b. 2, 4 c. 3, 4 d. 1, 4 - Answer: d. 1, 4 The Director of Infection Prevention and Control and her infection prevention staff have decided to develop a clinical practice guideline to decrease the rate of CLABSIs in their facility. The goal is to reduce variation in practice and improve clinical outcomes. Of the choices below, what is important to remember when developing this guideline? a. The guideline should be no more than two pages in length to ensure compliance b. The guideline should categorize and compare data against a unit of measurement c. The guideline should identify, summarize, and evaluate the highest-quality evidence and most current data in the literature d. The guideline should identify how process specifications change over time - Answer: c. The guideline should identify, summarize, and evaluate the highest-quality evidence and most current data in the literature The air exchanges in the decontamination area of Sterile Processing should be negative with a minimum of how many air exchanges per hour? a. Six b. Eight c. Nine d. Ten - Answer: d. Ten A hospital has admitted an immunocompetent patient with localized herpes zoster. During unit rounds, the IP notes a sign on the door that says "No pregnant women." How should the IP best respond to this? a. Leave the sign on the door because the patient poses a high risk of disease transmission to pregnant women b. Remove the sign from the door but ask the charge nurse to not assign the patient to any pregnant HCP and to prevent pregnant visitors from entering the room c. Remove the sign from the door and place the patient on both Contact and Airborne Precautions d. Remove the sign from the door and ensure that all lesions are completely covered; Standard Precautions are sufficient to prevent the spread of the virus - Answer: d. Remove the sign from the door and ensure that all lesions are completely covered; Standard Precautions are sufficient to prevent the spread of the virus Which of the following is not a component of the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act? a. Provide safety-engineered sharps devices and needleless systems to employees to reduce the risk of occupational exposure to bloodborne diseases b. When selecting safety-engineered products, solicit input from employees who provide direct patient care and have a high risk of injuries from contaminated sharps c. Maintain a sharps injury log to record injuries from contaminated sharps d. Require the Hepatitis A vaccine for all employees who are at risk for occupational exposure - Answer: d. Require the Hepatitis A vaccine for all employees who are at risk for occupational exposure Using Improved Hydrogen Peroxide offers many advantages. Those advantages are: 1) Rapid action 2) Low toxicity 3) Effective against spores 4) Low cost a. 1, 2 b. 2, 3 c. 2, 4 d. 1, 4 - Answer: a. 1, 2 Scabies is transmitted through: a. Sharing combs and brushes b. Handling books or magazines after a person infested with scabies c. Direct contact with infested skin d. Scabies mites crawling from person to person - Answer: c. Direct contact with infested skin Between cases in the operating room, the floors must cleaned and disinfected as follows: a. Floors are only cleaned at the end of the day unless organic debris is present b. The entire floor must be flooded and cleaned between each case c. Spot clean the floor only if visible blood/body fluids d. It is only necessary to clean a 3 to 4 foot perimeter around the table, unless a wider contamination area is identified - Answer: d. It is only necessary to clean a 3 to 4 foot perimeter around the table, unless a wider contamination area is identified A patient with a confirmed diagnosis of varicella (chickenpox) is seen in a busy ED. The staff at the registration desk immediately placed a mask on the patient until he could be moved to a negative airflow room in the ED, where he then removed his mask. A pregnant environmental services (EVS) employee, who is nonimmune to varicella, enters the room before an isolation sign is posted. She spends 6 minutes in the room with the patient, who is no longer wearing a mask. Which of the following is the most appropriate postexposure response? a. Give the EVS employee VZIG and place off work from day 10 through day 28 b. Administer the varicella vaccine immediately and place employee off work from day 10 through day 21 c. Have the employee wear a mask from day 10 through day 21 after the exposure and watch for signs and symptoms of disease d. Give the EVS employee the vaccine and VZIG and keep off work from day 10 throug - Answer: a. Give the EVS employee VZIG and place off work from day 10 through day 28 Training on the use of PPE for environmental service employees must include: 1) When to wear PPE 2) The limitations of each type of PPE 3) Maintenance of PPE 4) The cost of PPE a. 1, 2, 3 b. 2, 3, 4 c. 1, 3, 4 d. 1, 2, 4 - Answer: a. 1, 2, 3 Bed bugs can survive without feeding for: a. 48 hours b. 24 days c. 6 month d. 1 year - Answer: d. 1 year A culture of a patient's dialysis access site grew Gram-positive cocci. One of the factors contributing to this type of infection is: a. Contamination of the water used in dialysis b. Skin colonization with S. aureus at the access site c. Contamination of the antiseptic used to prep the access site d. Seeding of the access site by remote sites of infection - Answer: b. Skin colonization with S. aureus at the access site During outbreaks, the CDC recommends that high-touch surfaces in patient rooms be cleaned and disinfected: a. At least three times a day b. Hourly c. At least twice a day d. Only when soiled - Answer: a. At least three times a day A patient has been admitted to a healthcare facility with Neisseria meningitidis and placed on Droplet Precautions. When can the patient be removed from Droplet Precautions? a. After three consecutive CSF cultures are negative for N. meningitidis b. After the signs and symptoms of meningitis have resolved c. 24 hours after initiation of effective therapy d. The patient should remain on Droplet Precautions for the duration of the hospital stay - Answer: c. 24 hours after initiation of effective therapy Which would be the most objective method to determine the need for education about hand washing for a group of employees on a unit? a. Observational studies b. Personal interviews c. Focus group discussions d. Test development - Answer: a. Observational studies The IP is selecting a process measure in order to monitor and evaluate quality of care. An example of a process measure is: a. SSI after a hip replacement b. Conjunctivitis c. Hepatitis B immunity rates d. Tuberculin skin test (TST) conversions - Answer: c. Hepatitis B immunity rates IPs should have a thorough understanding of the following when choosing a cleaning product: 1) Differences among types and uses of disinfectants 2) Manufacturing companies that produce and sell disinfectants 3) Definitions of the terms cleaning, sanitization, disinfection and sanitizer 4) Manufacturer's recommendations for use, including dilution and contact time a. 1, 2, 3 b. 2, 3, 4 c. 1, 3, 4 d. 1, 2, 4 - Answer: c. 1, 3, 4 The Surgical Scheduling Department called the IP stating that a patient scheduled for surgery in on December 24 will need to reschedule his procedure due to an exposure to scarlet fever on December 3. He has no signs or symptoms. How should the IP respond? a. The incubation period for scarlet fever is usually 1 to 7 days; he is outside the incubation period and will be able to have his surgery on the scheduled date b. The procedure should be rescheduled c. Request an order from the surgeon for antibiotics to treat the possible exposure d. Place the patient in Isolation Precautions upon admission - Answer: a. The incubation period for scarlet fever is usually 1 to 7 days; he is outside the incubation period and will be able to have his surgery on the scheduled date Which of the following helps to prevent the aerosolization of spores during dusting? 1) A damp paper towel 2) A chemically treated cloth or dust mop 3) A microfiber cloth or dust mop 4) A dry cotton wash cloth a. 1, 2 b. 2, 3 c. 1, 4 d. 2, 4 - Answer: b. 2, 3 A physician would like to use a new screening test for methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which is highly prevalent in the hospital population. The screening test has a sensitivity of 98 percent and a specificity of 58 percent. Which of the following conclusions is most accurate about this screening test? 1) The test will be very effective in correctly identifying people who have MRSA 2) The test will be very effective in correctly identifying people who do not have MRSA 3) The test will yield very few false-negative results 4) The test will yield very few false-positive results a. 1, 3 b. 1, 4 c. 2, 3 d. 2, 4 - Answer: a. 1, 3 The risk of infection or adverse reactions in the Dialysis Unit can be reduced by which of the following interventions? 1) Test patients and staff for MRSA colonization and treat as needed 2) Adhere to aseptic technique during all dialysis procedures 3) Have patient cleanse the access site with soap and water daily and prior to dialysis 4) Have patients take a prophylactic antibiotic prior to dialysis a. 1, 3 b. 2, 3 c. 1, 2 d. 1, 3 - Answer: b. 2, 3 An IP is interested in evaluating whether her educational program on utilizing PPE has led to applied changes in practice. What is the best method of determining this? a. Use a pretest and posttest evaluation to see how knowledge of PPE use has changed after the educational program b. Use formative evaluation of the program so she can make necessary changes before it is implemented c. Use exit questionnaires to find out whether participants intend to implement their new knowledge in a practice situation d. Ask the supervisor to collect data on direct observation of practice - Answer: d. Ask the supervisor to collect data on direct observation of practice An IP is carrying out a case-control study to find out whether patients of Surgeon A had a higher likelihood of SSI than the patients of Surgeon B. The data collected show that Surgeon A operated on 300 patients and Surgeon B operated on 350 patients. Of Surgeon A's patients, 25 developed an SSI. Of Surgeon B's patients, 50 developed an SSI. Which of the following 2 × 2 tables correctly presents this data? a. Exposed with Outcome= 25; Exposed without Outcome= 275; Unexposed with Outcome= 50; Unexposed without Outcome= 300 b. Exposed with Outcome= 300; Exposed without Outcome= 25; Unexposed with Outcome= 350; Unexposed without Outcome= 50 c. Exposed with Outcome= 25; Exposed without Outcome= 300; Unexposed with Outcome= 50; Unexposed without Outcome= 350 d. Exposed with Outcome= 50; Exposed without Outcome= 350; Unexposed with Outcome= 25; Unexposed without Outcome= 300 - Answer: a. Exposed with Outcome= 25; Exposed without Outcome= 275; Unexposed with Outcome= 50; Unexposed without Outcome= 300 A patient who was recently vaccinated against smallpox has been NOTES admitted to a healthcare facility for a condition unrelated to the immunization. The charge nurse would like to know what type of precautions this patient needs. a. Standard Precautions b. Contact Precautions c. Droplet Precautions d. Contact and Airborne Precautions - Answer: a. Standard Precautions The organization that would most likely survey a U.S.-based hospital's blood bank for compliance would be: a. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) b. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) c. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) d. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Answer: b. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) C. difficile spores can survive in the environment for: a. 24 months b. 3 months c. 5 months d. 12 months - Answer: c. 5 months Which of the following describes aerobic bacteria? a. Do not require oxygen to grow and are harmed by its presence b. Require oxygen to grow and survive c. Can grow with or without oxygen d. Do not require oxygen for growth but tolerate the presence of it - Answer: b. Require oxygen to grow and survive A 70-year-old patient is admitted with symptoms of rapid neurological degeneration. The physician orders the following diagnostic tests: 14 - 3 - 3 spinal fluid assay, an electroencephalogram (EEG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These tests, if positive, may indicate a possible diagnosis of: a. A brain tumor b. Viral encephalopathy c. Multiple sclerosis d. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - Answer: d. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease A paramedic has been exposed to a patient's blood. The patient is Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg) positive and the paramedic is Anti-HBc and Anti-HBs positive. What is the risk of the paramedic acquiring Hepatitis B infection from the source patient? a. There is no risk of infection for the paramedic because he was previously infected and is now immune b. There is no risk of infection for the paramedic because the patient is not infected c. There is no risk of infection for the paramedic because he is immune due to vaccination d. There is a high risk of infection for the paramedic - Answer: a. There is no risk of infection for the paramedic because he was previously infected and is now immune What column lists the numerator for each category? a. Total number of patients screened b. Total number of patients in category c. High-risk category d. Rate of screening compliance - Answer: a. Total number of patients screened Subjects are said to be randomly assigned when: a. They are assigned to experimental and control groups from a sample representative of the larger experimental group b. They have an equal chance of being assigned to either the experimental or the control group c. They are assigned to experimental and control groups so that the groups differ on a critical variable d. Both the researcher and the subject are blinded as to know whether the subject is in the control group or the experimental group - Answer: b. They have an equal chance of being assigned to either the experimental or the control group Privacy curtains are high-touch items that should be changed and cleaned: 1) On a routine schedule and when soiled 2) During construction 3) According to manufacturer's instructions 4) After a patient on Contact Isolation is discharged or transferred a. 1, 2 b. 2, 3 c. 3, 4 d. 1, 4 - Answer: d. 1, 4 Examples of high-level disinfectants are: 1) Glutaraldehyde 2) Hydrogen peroxide 3) Enzymatics 4) 70 percent ethyl alcohol a. 1, 3 b. 1, 2 c. 2, 3 d. 1, 4 - Answer: b. 1, 2 A patient with MRSA infection has been admitted and is in need of physical therapy. The physical therapist would like the patient to ambulate in the hall. The IP should recommend: a. The patient should not ambulate in the hall b. The patient may ambulate but only outside of the hospital c. The patient may ambulate in the hallway if attendants wear appropriate PPE d. The patient may ambulate in the hallway if he washes his hands and wears a clean gown - Answer: d. The patient may ambulate in the hallway if he washes his hands and wears a clean gown The IP is a member of an interdisciplinary team that has been given administrative oversight for its planning, activity scheduling, and expenditures under $500. This type of team is best described as: a. Cross-functional b. Virtual c. Autonomous d. Self-managed - Answer: d. Self-managed Commercial third-party reprocessors are regulated by which government agency? a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) b. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) c. Center for Medicaid/Medicare Services (CMS) d. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - Answer: d. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) An orthopedic surgeon is requesting that all "dirty" cases be scheduled for the end of the day. The IP's response is to: a. Ask the Director of Surgical Services to comply with his request b. Explain to the surgeon that operating rooms are cleaned after each case and that there is no benefit to scheduling procedures at the end of the day c. Provide the surgeon with the cleaning policy and ignore his request d. Request a meeting with the Environmental Services director to discuss - Answer: b. Explain to the surgeon that operating rooms are cleaned after each case and that there is no benefit to scheduling procedures at the end of the day A patient is suspected of having bacterial meningitis. A CSF sample was taken and had the following results: opening pressure was normal, glucose concentration was normal, lymphocytes were the predominant inflammatory cell, white blood cell (WBC) count was 88 per cubic mm, protein was normal, and the Gram and AFB stains were negative. Given these results, which of the following organisms could be the cause of the meningitis? a. Herpes simplex virus b. Haemophilus influenzae c. Mycobacterium avium d. Streptococcus pneumonia - Answer: a. Herpes simplex virus During an in-service for new employees, the IP describes how Hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are transmitted. A major difference in the epidemiology of the two diseases is: a. Presence of the causative agent in body fluids b. The ability of the diseases to be transmitted during sexual intercourse c. The risk of transmission through needlestick exposures d. The potential for airborne transmission - Answer: c. The risk of transmission through needlestick exposures Which of the following are attributes of a culture of safety in a healthcare organization? 1) All HCP accept responsibility for safety 2) The organization prioritizes safety over financial and operational goals 3) Only personnel in leadership positions may report safety issues 4) The organization prioritizes identifying and reprimanding individuals who are responsible for accidents a. 1, 2 b. 2, 3 c. 3, 4 d. 1, 4 - Answer: a. 1, 2 Last year, a hospital identified 21 CLABSIs. Which type of chart would be most useful to provide feedback regarding the effectiveness of CLABSI reduction strategies? a. Control chart b. Pie chart c. Run chart d. Display of normal distribution and standard deviation - Answer: c. Run chart Which of the following are allowed in an ICU or other unit with immunocompromised patients? a. Latex-free balloons b. Flowers in a vase c. Fresh fruit d. Fish tank - Answer: a. Latex-free balloons Which of the following educational tools is most effective to bridge the learning gap between theory and actual practice? a. Case study b. Lecture c. Computer-based training d. Game - Answer: a. Case study The incidence of VRE in the Burn Unit last quarter was 3.0, and the incidence of VRE in the Bone Marrow Transplant Unit last quarter was 1.0. What was the relative risk (RR) of new cases of VRE in the Burn Unit compared to the Bone Marrow Transplant Unit? a. RR = 3.0 b. RR = 0.33 c. RR = 4.0 d. RR = 2.0 - Answer: a. RR = 3.0 There has been a major bioterrorism event in the area, as is evidenced by a large number of patients being admitted to local healthcare facilities with fever >101.1° F and respiratory symptoms that are progressing rapidly. Health officials are currently unaware of the causative organism. What type of Isolation Precautions are warranted in this situation? a. Standard Precautions b. Droplet Precautions c. Airborne Precautions d. Contact and Airborne Precautions - Answer: c. Airborne Precautions The IP has identified an increased incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections in the NICU. The IP is preparing her report for presentation to the Infection Prevention Committee. Among the following actions listed, which should be included in the IP's report as the next step? a. Changing the type of catheter used b. Using a multidisciplinary approach to determine corrective actions c. Revising the NICU admission policy d. Revising the NICU staffing plan - Answer: b. Using a multidisciplinary approach to determine corrective actions You have been invited to tour a commercial third-party reprocessor that your organization is considering using to reprocess some equipment. As the IP, you should request to observe which of the following? 1) Observe the cleaning and decontamination process 2) Observe hand hygiene 3) Sterilizing load preparation process 4) New employee orientation a. 1, 2 b. 2, 4 c. 2, 3 d. 1, 3 - Answer: d. 1, 3 An example of a molecular testing methodology is: a. Gram stain b. Culture c. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) d. Point-of-care testing - Answer: c. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) There is a bioterrorism event in a city. Patients are presenting to the Emergency Room with blurred vision, descending symmetrical flaccid paralysis, and respiratory failure. The most likely bioterrorism disease is: a. Botulism b. Pneumonic plague c. Viral hemorrhagic fever d. Smallpox - Answer: a. Botulism A healthcare facility requires TB screening for all employees at time of hire using two-step tuberculin skin test (TST) with purified protein derivative (PPD). A newly hired employee has provided documentation of one negative TST from 6 months prior. Which of the following actions should the IP recommend? a. No additional TSTs are needed b. Place one additional TST and screen for symptoms c. Place two TSTs 1 week apart d. Obtain a chest X-ray on the employee - Answer: b. Place one additional TST and screen for symptoms Which of the following is an example of a continuous data set? 1) Body temperature measurements: 98.6°F, 97.4°F, 99.8°F, 99.9°F 2) Gender: male, male, female, male 3) Blood type: O+, A-, A+, AB+ 4) Body weight: 189, 144, 261, 113 a. 1, 2 b. 2, 3 c. 2, 4 d. 1, 4 - Answer: d. 1, 4 Which of the following refers to the ability to evaluate, compare, analyze, critique, and synthesize information? a. Inductive thinking b. Critical thinking c. Transductive thinking d. Deductive thinking - Answer: b. Critical thinking The greatest concern in an emergency situation involving a patient with nontraditional body piercing is: a. Bleeding from areas of high vascularity b. Hematogeneous spread of bacteria to other sites c. Not being familiar with the opening mechanism of the jewelry to be able to remove it d. Causing distress to the patient - Answer: c. Not being familiar with the opening mechanism of the jewelry to be able to remove it A patient in your facility has an infection with Cryptosporidium parvum. Which disinfectant would you recommend for use on potentially contaminated patient equipment? a. Ethyl alcohol b. Six percent hypochlorite c. Ortho-phthalaldehyde d. Six percent hydrogen peroxide - Answer: d. Six percent hydrogen peroxide The Infection Control Risk Assessment (ICRA) should include all of the following elements related to building design features except: a. Sewage systems to allow adequate sanitation of waste b. Location of special ventilation and filtration of heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) serving areas, such as ED waiting and intake areas c. Water systems to limit Legionella spp. and other waterborne opportunistic pathogens d. Air handling and ventilation for surgical services and airborne infection isolation (AII) - Answer: a. Sewage systems to allow adequate sanitation of waste An infection prevention consultant is reviewing projected expenses for the next 2 years. Although all of the following are necessary to support the consultancy, which is considered a capital expense? a. An increase in office rent over 2 years b. Personal liability insurance c. Building utilities in which the office is located d. Expanded computer hardware and software - Answer: d. Expanded computer hardware and software Which of the following recommendations related to disinfection and sterilization in healthcare facilities is a CDC category 1A recommendation? 1) "Before use on each patient, sterilize critical medical and surgical devices and instruments that enter normally sterile tissue or the vascular system or through which a sterile body fluid flows" 2) "Meticulously clean patient-care items with water and detergent, or with water and enzymatic cleaners before high-level disinfection or sterilization procedures." 3) "In hospitals, perform most cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization of patient-care devices in a central processing department in order to more easily control quality." 4) "Perform low-level disinfection for noncritical patient-care surfaces (e.g., bedrails, over-the-bed table) and equipment (e.g., blood pressure cuff) that touch intact skin" a. 1 b. 1, 3 c. 1, 2, 4 d. 1, 2, 3, 4 - Answer: a. 1 The IP is consulted prior to the construction of a new unit in her hospital. The design that is most concerning to her is: a. AII rooms (AIIR) that have negative air pressure b. Protective environment rooms that have positive air pressure c. Dual-purpose rooms that can alternate between negative and positive air pressure d. All rooms with neutral air pressure - Answer: c. Dual-purpose rooms that can alternate between negative and positive air pressure Which of the following clinical uses would not be indicated for Gram stain results? a. Early identification of antibiotic resistance b. Initial direction for empiric antibiotic treatment c. Quality of the specimen d. Need for Isolation Precautions - Answer: a. Early identification of antibiotic resistance What species of the streptococci can be transferred to an infant during delivery? a. Streptococcus pyogeses b. Xanthomonas c. Streptococcus agalactiae d. Enterococcus faecalis - Answer: c. Streptococcus agalactiae An IP recommends that chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) be used to prepare a site for the insertion of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) because it: 1) Requires only 30 seconds to dry 2) Can be used for all ages 3) Is not associated with allergic reactions 4) Can be easily rinsed after the line is inserted a. 3, 4 b. 1, 3 c. 2, 3 d. 1, 4 - Answer: b. 1, 3 The laboratory runs a PCR test for MRSA. Both the positive and the negative controls amplify MRSA DNA. What can the IP conclude about this test? a. It is accurate because the positive control amplified MRSA DNA b. It is accurate because the negative control amplified MRSA DNA c. It is inaccurate because the positive control amplified MRSA DNA d. It is inaccurate because the negative control amplified MRSA DNA - Answer: d. It is inaccurate because the negative control amplified MRSA DNA Immunoglobulins are available for which of the following? 1) Tetanus 2) Rubella 3) Pertussis 4) Varicella-zoster a. 1, 2, 3 b. 2, 3, 4 c. 1, 3, 4 d. 1, 2, 4 - Answer: d. 1, 2, 4 The Director of Infection Prevention and Control has been asked to lead a team in the development of an antimicrobial stewardship program at an organization. Core members should include: 1) Pharmacist 2) Risk manager 3) Respiratory therapist 4) Infectious disease physician a. 1, 2 b. 1, 4 c. 3, 4 d. 2, 3 - Answer: b. 1, 4 The critical care classes have 48 new students. There are eight males. The ratio of females to males is: a. 1:5 b. 5:1 c. 6:1 d. 1:6 - Answer: b. 5:1 A patient with a positive HBsAg must be dialyzed. Which of the following are the best measures to prevent transmission of disease? 1) Perform treatment in a separate room or area 2) Use a dedicated machine and equipment 3) Perform the treatment at the end of the day 4) Schedule the treatment on a separate day with other positive HBsAg patients a. 1, 2 b. 2, 4 c. 3, 4 d. 1, 3 - Answer: a. 1, 2 Which of the following tasks would require wearing sterile gloves? a. Central line dressing change b. Routine dressing change without debridement c. Wound cleaning d. Intramuscular (IM) injection - Answer: a. Central line dressing change In a case-control study of the association between exposure to long-term nursing care and the outcome of VRE colonization, the authors report an odds ratio of 2.3. How should this odds ratio be interpreted? a. The study is flawed because a relative risk (RR) should have been calculated b. The risk of being placed in long-term nursing care is 2.3 times higher for people with VRE than without VRE c. VRE cases have 2.3 times the odds of having had exposure to long-term nursing care than non-VRE cases d. There is no association between VRE colonization and exposure to long-term nursing care - Answer: c. VRE cases have 2.3 times the odds of having had exposure to long-term nursing care than non-VRE cases A used endoscope was placed in a carrying case before being cleaned and reprocessed. Which of the following actions should be taken? a. The endoscope should be cleaned and reprocessed and placed back in the carrying case b. The carrying case should be retained and only utilized for endoscopes that have not yet been cleaned or reprocessed c. The carrying case should be discarded d. The carrying case should be retained and only used for endoscopes that have been wrapped after cleaning and disinfection - Answer: c. The carrying case should be discarded Based on current CDC guidelines, which of the following modes of transmission is most responsible for contamination of a central venous catheter? a. Airborne b. Direct contact c. Indirect contact d. Droplet spread - Answer: b. Direct contact The IP has identified poor compliance with hand hygiene practices in one of the critical care units. She has discussed her observations with the management of the unit and together they have identified a solution to improve practices. To ensure staff's adherence to the solution, in which of the activities below should the IP engage before implementing the solution? a. Perform a survey of fellow IPs to discuss the strategies they have found to be effective and that have sustained acceptable compliance b. Form a focus group of unit staff to discuss her observations, the ideas to improve compliance, and the proposed solution c. Develop a strategy with management to penalize any unit staff observed to be noncompliant d. Each month post the names of staff members she observes to be noncompliant with hand hygiene practices - Answer: b. Form a focus group of unit staff to discuss her observations, the ideas to improve compliance, and the proposed solution Which of the following patients would have the lowest risk of SSI? a. A 53-year-old male with insulin-dependent diabetes and coronary artery disease undergoing elective aortofemoral bypass b. A 38-year-old female with mild but controlled hypertension undergoing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy c. A 42-year-old, well-conditioned male undergoing elective groin hernia repair d. A 62-year-old female on chronic renal hemodialysis undergoing emergency laparotomy for perforated diverticulitis - Answer: c. A 42-year-old, well-conditioned male undergoing elective groin hernia repair What organism is most often associated with urinary tract infections? a. Enterococcus sp. b. Candida sp. c. Klebsiella pneumoniae or K. oxytoca d. Escherichia coli - Answer: d. Escherichia coli Which of the following has a low risk of transmission from sexual contact? a. Hepatitis B b. Hepatitis C c. HIV d. Syphilis - Answer: b. Hepatitis C Of the following sharp object injury examples, which would have the highest risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens (assuming that all patient-related risk factors are identical for each example)? a. A nurse is stuck with an intravenous (IV) catheter stylet after withdrawing the stylet from the catheter b. A medical resident is stuck with a suture needle that had been used to suture a head wound c. A nurse is stuck with the needle from a syringe that had been used to give an intramuscular injection d. A surgeon sustains a superficial skin injury from a used disposable scalpel - Answer: a. A nurse is stuck with an intravenous (IV) catheter stylet after withdrawing the stylet from the catheter Which letter labels the areas under the curve that represents special cause variance in healthcare-associated CLABSI? Number of standard deviations beyond the mean K L M 1 2 3 N Mean a. K b. L c. M d. N - Answer: d. N There is a suspected case of measles in the ED of a facility, and the patient has been admitted. A nasopharyngeal swab was taken, placed in viral transport media, and sent to the lab where it was frozen at -20°C for 12 hours and then thawed and placed in culture. The culture results are negative for measles virus. Which of the following should the IP request for this patient? 1) A new sample should be collected and placed in a -20°C environment immediately 2) A new sample should be collected and placed in culture immediately 3) The patient should be placed in an airborne infection isolation room 4) The patient should be placed in a standard room without isolation precautions a. 1 b. 4 c. 2, 3 d. 1, 2, 3 - Answer: c. 2, 3 Measures of central tendency are: a. Ratios and rates b. Proportions and standard deviation c. Mean and median d. Percentiles and measures of dispersion - Answer: c. Mean and median ICRA elements related to building site areas affected by construction include all of the following except: a. Impact of potential outages or emergencies and protection of patients during planned or unplanned outages, movement of debris, traffic flow, cleanup, and testing and certification b. The number of containment cubes owned by the facility c. Impact of disrupting essential service to patients and employees d. Determination of specific hazards and the protection levels needed for each - Answer: b. The number of containment cubes owned by the facility The Infection Prevention Manager has been directed to design a new system for housewide surveillance of CLABSI in a 300-bed urban community teaching hospital. Which of the following tools would be most appropriate to help ensure that all aspects of this large-scale project are addressed? a. A detailed contingency plan b. A summary of the scope of work c. A quality management plan d. A work breakdown structure - Answer: d. A work breakdown structure Which of the following would be appropriate for a graph displaying C. difficile infections? a. X axis labeled with the months of the year b. X axis labeled with the number of cases each month c. Y axis labeled with the months of the year d. Y axis labeled with the days of the month of April - Answer: a. X axis labeled with the months of the year When transporting used instruments from the operating room to the decontamination area, they must be transported in: a. An open bin b. Large plastic bags c. Puncture-proof, sealable containers labeled as biohazardous d. A bin draped with a sheet - Answer: c. Puncture-proof, sealable containers labeled as biohazardous The IP is notified of a positive Legionella test in an individual who has resided in the healthcare facility for 2 months. Which of the following are potential sources of Legionella that should be investigated? 1) Cooling towers 2) IV solutions 3) Air conditioners 4) Ice machines a. 1, 4 b. 1, 3 c. 3, 4 d. 2, 4 - Answer: a. 1, 4 OSHA requires the use of engineering controls to prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens in the healthcare setting. Which of the following is an example of an engineering control? a. Requiring Hepatitis B vaccination for all HCP with occupational exposure b. Providing eye protection for all personnel who have potential for exposure to bloodborne pathogens c. Implementing the use of Universal Precautions d. Purchasing self-sheathing syringes - Answer: d. Purchasing self-sheathing syringes The IP is teaching a group of ICU nurses about the risk factors for healthcare-associated infection (HAI) during patient care. Which of the following are factors that may influence the infectious risk? 1) Type of patient care activity 2) Mode of transmission of an infectious agent 3) Patient's host defenses 4) Patient's past surgical history a. 1, 2, 3 b. 2, 3, 4 c. 1, 3, 4 d. 1, 2, 4 - Answer: a. 1, 2, 3 Which of the following laboratory methods is utilized for viral testing? a. Gram staining, to quickly confirm presence of infection b. Broth dilution, to determine antimicrobial resistance via minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) c. Antibody assay, to detect viral antibodies in the serum d. Antibody assay, to detect viral antibodies in clinical specimen - Answer: c. Antibody assay, to detect viral antibodies in the serum Seventy-five patients were admitted to the Medical-Surgical ICU. Forty were on the surgical service and 35 were on the medical service. Fifteen patients developed a HAI with MRSA. Nine of the patients with MRSA infection were on the surgical service. There were 230 patient days in the ICU for the surgical patients in January, and 325 patient days for medical patients. What was the MRSA attack rate for patients on the medical service? a. 8 percent b. 2 percent c. 17 percent d. 15 percent - Answer: c. 17 percent A dialysis patient has recently tested positive for HBsAg. Previous NOTES tests have been negative. The manager is concerned that the patient may have been exposed during a treatment. Which of the following is the most likely explanation of the patient's positive test result? a. The patient is resolving an acute Hepatitis B infection b. The patient received a dose of Hepatitis B vaccine in the last 21 days c. The result is inaccurate d. The patient is immune due to natural infection - Answer: b. The patient received a dose of Hepatitis B vaccine in the last 21 days A patient is admitted with fever, rash, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, and muscle pain. The IP is aware that Rocky Mountain spotted fever is endemic in the area. The patient reports a recent camping trip with exposure to ticks. Which of the laboratory tests listed below should be ordered to detect and differentiate the appropriate antibodies in the serum? a. Blood culture b. Weil-Felix agglutination c. Sedimentation rate d. Cold agglutinin - Answer: b. Weil-Felix agglutination Breaches in patient safety are being studied to determine the cause and effect of human error. Human factors engineering is a tool that: a. Studies processes to achieve "failure-free" operation over time to reduce defects and improve system safety b. Studies people at work, then designs tasks and the working environment so that people can be safe, effective, and productive c. Studies human characteristics and is concerned with design of tools, machines, and systems that take into account human capabilities d. Studies the elements involved with human-machine interface to improve working conditions - Answer: c. Studies human characteristics and is concerned with design of tools, machines, and systems that take into account human capabilities Immunizations recommended for all HCP include: 1) Human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV) 2) Shingles (herpes zoster) vaccine 3) Influenza vaccine 4) Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap) vaccine a. 1, 4 b. 2, 3 c. 3, 4 d. 2, 4 - Answer: c. 3, 4 Which classroom setup best promotes interaction between learners and teachers? a. Stadium or auditorium style with clear sight lines and good acoustics b. Rectangular conference tables that promote a more formal space for learning c. Classroom style with straight rows of desks that also provide writing surfaces d. A horseshoe shape that also provides writing surfaces - Answer: d. A horseshoe shape that also provides writing surfaces An IP is reviewing the below data from a cohort study that examined the relationship between VRE colonization and long-term care. Participant: 1 Person-time observed: 6 months Colonized with VRE?: Yes Participant: 2 Person-time observed: 1 year Colonized with VRE?: Yes Participant: 3 Person-time observed: 3 months Colonized with VRE?: No Participant: 4 Person-time observed: 1.5 years Colonized with VRE?: Yes Participant: 5 Person-time observed: 9 months Colonized with VRE?: No What was the incidence density of VRE colonization in this study? a. Three cases/4 person-years b. Five cases/4 person-years c. Three cases/3 person-years d. Two cases/1 person-year - Answer: a. Three cases/4 person-years The Joint Commission National Patient Safety Goal (NPSG) 7 focuses on the prevention of infections. The IP has been asked to help identify what education should be provided to the patients regarding prevention of SSI, CLABSI, CAUTI, and management of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). What recommendation is applicable to all of these issues and would apply to all patients receiving care in the hospital? a. Cough containment to reduce transmission of airborne pathogens b. Importance of hand hygiene and asking caregivers if they have washed their hands c. Mode of transmission of microorganisms from one area of the body to another d. Symptoms associated with infection and the need to report them to healthcare providers - Answer: b. Importance of hand hygiene and asking caregivers if they have washed their hands The viral load in a patient with HIV: a. Increases during the antiretroviral phase, decreases during asymptomatic HIV infection, then increases as the patient progresses to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) b. Remains low during the antiretroviral phase, increases during asymptomatic HIV infection, then decreases as the patient progresses to AIDS c. Remains low during the antiretroviral phase, increases during asymptomatic HIV infection, then increases as the patient progresses to AIDS d. Increases during the antiretroviral phase, decreases during the asymptomatic HIV infection, and continues to decrease as the patient progresses to AIDS - Answer: a. Increases during the antiretroviral phase, decreases during asymptomatic HIV infection, then increases as the patient progresses to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) What type of surveillance is the monitoring of bloodstream infection rates? a. Outcome surveillance b. Mandatory reporting c. Process surveillance d. Combined surveillance - Answer: a. Outcome surveillance A patient in the Neurosurgical ICU develops a fever. Cultures are ordered and collected. The physician decides to start an antibiotic while waiting for the culture results because the patient is critically ill. This type of antibiotic usage is called: a. Empiric b. Prophylactic c. Therapeutic d. Pathogen-directed - Answer: a. Empiric The IP has completed a series of education programs and summarized both the mean and standard deviation for four groups of participants. Which set of scores indicates the most consistent level of performance among the attendees? a. Group 1: Mean 88 SD 6.4 b. Group 2: Mean 87 SD 3.5 c. Group 3: Mean 90 SD 15.8 d. Group 4: Mean 92 SD 20.3 - Answer: b. Group 2: Mean 87 SD 3.5 The Infection Prevention Director is revising roles within the infection prevention team to better utilize individual skills and increase the effectiveness of the infection prevention and control program. By exploring ways to add responsibilities, to use additional skills and abilities, and to include more recognition, the director is accomplishing: a. Job enrichment b. Job enlargement c. Job intensification d. Job rotation - Answer: a. Job enrichment There is a shortage of influenza vaccine, and the IP has been asked to help prioritize the administration of the vaccine among HCP in the facility. Which of the following employee groups would be among the highest priority for immunization? a. The admissions clerk in the ED b. The Lung Transplant Coordinator c. A nurse in labor and delivery d. The CEO of the hospital - Answer: b. The Lung Transplant Coordinator An outbreak of norovirus in a LTCF would most likely have an epidemic curve (epi curve) that: a. Indicated a common source of infection b. Indicated a propagated source of infection c. Indicated a point source of infection d. Indicated a common vehicle of infection - Answer: b. Indicated a propagated source of infection What healthcare-associated viral outbreaks are most frequently reported among infants and children? a. Hepatitis A b. Coxsackie A c. Staphylococcus aureus d. RSV - Answer: d. RSV Which of the following is not confirmatory of an active measles infection? a. Positive measles immunoglobulin M (IgM) b. Fourfold increase in measles immunoglobulin G (IgG) c. Positive measles PCR from a skin biopsy d. Rash in a patient nonimmune to measles - Answer: d. Rash in a patient nonimmune to measles Which of the following statements is true regarding the evaluation of an educational program? a. The evaluation should only be done at the end of the program b. Evaluation measurements must be consistent with the objectives of the program c. The evaluation always includes one-on-one interviews to assess the ability of the individual learner to perform d. The evaluation should not be used to monitor the behavior change—this is the role of the presenter - Answer: b. Evaluation measurements must be consistent with the objectives of the program Which of the following studies is experimental rather than observational? a. Cohort b. Clinical trial c. Case-control d. Cross-sectional - Answer: b. Clinical trial Another name for "flash sterilization" is: a. Immediate-use b. High-level disinfection c. Low-level disinfection d. Ethylene oxide (ETO) sterilization - Answer: a. Immediate-use Because of the potential for rapid spread, one confirmed case of this disease is considered an urgent public health situation, and the IP should immediately report suspected and confirmed cases to the health department: a. Chickenpox b. Influenza c. Measles d. Legionnaires' disease - Answer: c. Measles Maximal barrier precautions for central line insertion include: 1) Sterile surgical gown and gloves 2) Closing the door to the room 3) Nonsterile gown and gloves 4) Mask, cap, sterile drape (head to toe) a. 1, 4 b. 2, 3 c. 1, 3 d. 2, 4 - Answer: a. 1, 4 The new IP for a LTCF assesses adherence to the facility's hand hygiene policies. In reporting her findings, she includes one of the following: a. The number of hand hygiene episodes performed by personnel divided by the volume of soap used in the facility b. The number of hand hygiene episodes performed by personnel divided by the number of patient days times 1,000 c. The number of hand hygiene episodes performed by personnel divided by the volume of alcohol-based hand rub d. The number of hand hygiene episodes performed by personnel divided by the number of hand hygiene opportunities by ward or service - Answer: d. The number of hand hygiene episodes performed by personnel divided by the number of hand hygiene opportunities by ward or service