ANSC 4394 Exam 1 |200 Complete
Questions and Answers
Nutrition - -series of processes in which food or feed is taken in and
absorbed into the body of an organism which serves for purpose of: growth,
work, maintenance, and repair of vital processes.
- Feedstuff - -edible material consumed by animals which contributes
energy and/or nutrients
- 18th century - -little levosa--father of nutrition
- 19th century - -better understanding of fats, protein(provide amino acids
and expensive), carbohydrates (used for energy)
- 20th century - -vitamins and minerals (still not a lot of info)
- Energy - -heat: forcefulness of the body to drive various physiological
processes
- Nutrients - -feed constituent or group of feed constituents that aid in the
support of life
- ration - -an amount of feed consumed by an animal in 24 hours
- balanced ration - -one which provides an animal the proper amount and
proportions of all the required nutrients for 24 hours
- Diet - -balanced mixture of feedstuffs which nourish the animal for more
than 24 hours
- Water - -=>simplist form=>absorbed in the blood
- Carbs - -=>glucose or simple sugar==>blood
- Lipid - -=>emulsify=>lymph system
- Feedstuff components - -water, dry matter (inorganic material=minerals),
organic material like nitrogenous material (protein or npn example is urea),
lipids (simple, compound, pseudo), carbohydrates (fiber, Nitrogen free
extract=easy to digest)
- Daily dry matter consumed by animals expressed as percent of BW or body
weight - -Poultry 5-6%
,Swine 4-5%
Sheep 3-4%
Cattle 2-3%
Horses 1.5-2.5%
*May change but not too much
- Regulatory - -water, minerals, vitamins, proteins
Ex. digestion, heart rate, respiration
- structural - -minerals, proteins, fats
ex. bones, muscle, tendons
- Energy - -protein, fat, carbohydrates
ex. lactating
- Natural sources - -Sun-energy-vitamin D
Soil-minerals and chemicals-graze animals
Air-C, N, O, H
- Photosynthesis - -CO2 + H20 Sunlight/Plants glucose + O2
- Various metabolic pathways in the body - -can synthesize lipids and/or
proteins
- Plants have more carbohydrates than a steer because - -of photosynthesis
- Steers have less carbohydrates because it is used for - -energy
- Water - -cheapest and most abundant nutrient
Most important and the most overlooked
65-85% of BW is water at Birth
45-60% at maturity
90-95% of blood is water
79-90% tissue
intracellular=in skin, muscle
extracellular=muscle
urinary and GI tract
- Water consumption - -dairy cattle need 2 gallons more on average than
beef cattle due to lactation. Weather, fiber, and etc can change this (more
fiber = more water, more heat = more water)
- Water Function - -1. nutrient/waste transport (cardiovascular),
2. metabolic/chemical reaction
3. aids digestion/absorption
4. regulate body temperature
, 5. regulate ionic concentrations
6. body structural components
7. lubricates and cushions
- Water Deficiencies or Restrictions - --reduced feed consumption
-weight loss
- increased excretion of nitrogen and electrolytes (sodium and potassium)
-death
- Water Sources: Drinking - -Factors affecting consumption:
1. DM consumption (more eat=more water)
2. Dietary Factors
3. Environment
4. Access to H20
5. type of urinary system
6. function of animal
7. water quality
- Water Source: Feed - --grains: 30% daily intake of water
-forages: 5-90%
-silages: up to 50%
-metabolic: 5-15% (5-10% for domestic animals)
- Water losses from the body - --urine
-feces
-sweat glands
-lungs and skin:vaporization
-milk and eggs
- Water quality - -palatability factor
-total dissolved solids: <1000 ppm desireable
-alkalinity <500 ppm desireable pH 7-8
-sulfur (rotten egg) <500 ppm sulfates desireable
-Stagnant water (dead animals in troughs)
- Water Toxic Factor - --nitrates: <300 ppm desireable
-trace minerals
-bacteria
-pesticides and herbicides
- Carbohydrates (CHO) - -hydrates of carbon formed by coming CO2 and
H20 (photosynthesis)
C=1 H=2 O=1 ratio
- Carbohydrates Occurrence - -Plants- 60-80%
-cell content=storage CHO (sugar and starch)
Questions and Answers
Nutrition - -series of processes in which food or feed is taken in and
absorbed into the body of an organism which serves for purpose of: growth,
work, maintenance, and repair of vital processes.
- Feedstuff - -edible material consumed by animals which contributes
energy and/or nutrients
- 18th century - -little levosa--father of nutrition
- 19th century - -better understanding of fats, protein(provide amino acids
and expensive), carbohydrates (used for energy)
- 20th century - -vitamins and minerals (still not a lot of info)
- Energy - -heat: forcefulness of the body to drive various physiological
processes
- Nutrients - -feed constituent or group of feed constituents that aid in the
support of life
- ration - -an amount of feed consumed by an animal in 24 hours
- balanced ration - -one which provides an animal the proper amount and
proportions of all the required nutrients for 24 hours
- Diet - -balanced mixture of feedstuffs which nourish the animal for more
than 24 hours
- Water - -=>simplist form=>absorbed in the blood
- Carbs - -=>glucose or simple sugar==>blood
- Lipid - -=>emulsify=>lymph system
- Feedstuff components - -water, dry matter (inorganic material=minerals),
organic material like nitrogenous material (protein or npn example is urea),
lipids (simple, compound, pseudo), carbohydrates (fiber, Nitrogen free
extract=easy to digest)
- Daily dry matter consumed by animals expressed as percent of BW or body
weight - -Poultry 5-6%
,Swine 4-5%
Sheep 3-4%
Cattle 2-3%
Horses 1.5-2.5%
*May change but not too much
- Regulatory - -water, minerals, vitamins, proteins
Ex. digestion, heart rate, respiration
- structural - -minerals, proteins, fats
ex. bones, muscle, tendons
- Energy - -protein, fat, carbohydrates
ex. lactating
- Natural sources - -Sun-energy-vitamin D
Soil-minerals and chemicals-graze animals
Air-C, N, O, H
- Photosynthesis - -CO2 + H20 Sunlight/Plants glucose + O2
- Various metabolic pathways in the body - -can synthesize lipids and/or
proteins
- Plants have more carbohydrates than a steer because - -of photosynthesis
- Steers have less carbohydrates because it is used for - -energy
- Water - -cheapest and most abundant nutrient
Most important and the most overlooked
65-85% of BW is water at Birth
45-60% at maturity
90-95% of blood is water
79-90% tissue
intracellular=in skin, muscle
extracellular=muscle
urinary and GI tract
- Water consumption - -dairy cattle need 2 gallons more on average than
beef cattle due to lactation. Weather, fiber, and etc can change this (more
fiber = more water, more heat = more water)
- Water Function - -1. nutrient/waste transport (cardiovascular),
2. metabolic/chemical reaction
3. aids digestion/absorption
4. regulate body temperature
, 5. regulate ionic concentrations
6. body structural components
7. lubricates and cushions
- Water Deficiencies or Restrictions - --reduced feed consumption
-weight loss
- increased excretion of nitrogen and electrolytes (sodium and potassium)
-death
- Water Sources: Drinking - -Factors affecting consumption:
1. DM consumption (more eat=more water)
2. Dietary Factors
3. Environment
4. Access to H20
5. type of urinary system
6. function of animal
7. water quality
- Water Source: Feed - --grains: 30% daily intake of water
-forages: 5-90%
-silages: up to 50%
-metabolic: 5-15% (5-10% for domestic animals)
- Water losses from the body - --urine
-feces
-sweat glands
-lungs and skin:vaporization
-milk and eggs
- Water quality - -palatability factor
-total dissolved solids: <1000 ppm desireable
-alkalinity <500 ppm desireable pH 7-8
-sulfur (rotten egg) <500 ppm sulfates desireable
-Stagnant water (dead animals in troughs)
- Water Toxic Factor - --nitrates: <300 ppm desireable
-trace minerals
-bacteria
-pesticides and herbicides
- Carbohydrates (CHO) - -hydrates of carbon formed by coming CO2 and
H20 (photosynthesis)
C=1 H=2 O=1 ratio
- Carbohydrates Occurrence - -Plants- 60-80%
-cell content=storage CHO (sugar and starch)
