aa
TEST BANK
aa
A Concise Introduction to Logic
aa aa aa aa
14th Edition by Hurley Chapter 1 to 14
aa aa aa aa aa aa aa
TEST BANK aa
,aa
TABLE OF CONTENTS aa aa aa
Part I: INFORMAL LOGIC.
aa aa aa
1. Basic Concepts.
aa aa
Arguments, aaPremises, aaand aaConclusions. aaExercise. aaRecognizing aaArguments. aaExercise. aaDeduction aaand aaInduction. aaExercise. aaValid
aaTruth, aaSoundness, aaStrength, aaCogency. aaExercise. aaArgument aaForms: aaProving aaInvalidity. aaExercise. aaExtended aaArguments. aaExercise
2. Language: Meaning and Definition.
aa aa aa aa
Varieties aaof aaMeaning. aaExercise. aaThe aaIntension aaand aaExtension aaof aaTerms. aaExercise. aaDefinitions aaand aaTheir aaPurposes. aaExerc
aaDefinitional aaTechniques. aaExercise. aaCriteria aafor aaLexical aaDefinitions. aaExercise.
3. Informal Fallacies.
aa aa
Fallacies aain aaGeneral. aaExercise. aaFallacies aaof aaRelevance. aaExercise. aaFallacies aaof aaWeak aaInduction. aa Exercise. aa Fallacies
aaPresumption, aaAmbiguity, aaand aaIllicit aaTransference. aaExercise. aaFallacies aain aaOrdinary aaLanguage. aaExercise.
Part II: FORMAL LOGIC.
aa aa aa
4. Categorical Propositions.
aa aa
The aaComponents aaof aaCategorical aaPropositions. aaExercise. aaQuality, aaQuantity, aaand aaDistribution. aaExercise. aaVenn aaDiagrams aaand a
aaModern aaSquare aaof aaOpposition. aaExercise. aaConversion, aaObversion, aaand aaContraposition. aaExercise. aaThe aaTraditional aaSquare
aaOpposition. aaExercise. aaVenn aaDiagrams aaand aathe aaTraditional aaStandpoint. aaExercise. aaTranslating aaOrdinary aaLanguage aaStateme
aainto aaCategorical aaForm. aaExercise.
5. Categorical Syllogisms.
aa aa
Standard aaForm, aaMood, aaand aaFigure. aaExercise. aaVenn aaDiagrams. aaExercise. aaRules aaand aaFallacies. aaExercise. aaReducing aathe aaNum
aaof aaTerms. aaExercise. aaOrdinary aaLanguage aaArguments. aaExercise. aaEnthymemes. aaExercise. aaSorites. aaExercise.
6. Propositional Logic.
aa aa
Symbols aaand aaTranslation. aaExercise. aaTruth aaFunctions. aaExercise. aaTruth aaTables aafor aaPropositions. aa Exercise. aa Truth aa Tables a
aaArguments. aaExercise. aaIndirect aaTruth aaTables. aaExercise. aaArgument aaForms aaand aaFallacies. aaExercise.
7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic.
aa aa aa aa aa
Rules aaof aaImplication aaI. aaExercise. aaRules aaof aaImplication aaII. aaExercise. aaRules aaof aaReplacement aaI. aaExercise. aaRules aaof aaReplacem
aaII. aaExercise. aaConditional aaProof. aaExercise. aaIndirect aaProof. aaExercise. aaProving aaLogical aaTruths. aaExercise.
8. Predicate Logic.
aa aa
Symbols aaand aaTranslation. aaExercise. aaUsing aathe aaRules aaof aaInference. aaExercise. aaQuantifier aaNegation aaRule. aaExercise. aaConditio
aaand aaIndirect aaProof. aaExercise. aaProving aaInvalidity. aaExercise. aaRelational aaPredicates aaand aaOverlapping aaQuantifiers. aaExerc
aaIdentity. aaExercise.
Part III: INDUCTIVE LOGIC.
aa aa aa
9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning.
aa aa aa aa aa aa
Analogical aaReasoning. aaLegal aaReasoning. aaMoral aaReasoning. aaExercise.
,10. Causality and Mill's Methods.
aa aa aa aa
"Cause" aaand aaNecessary aaand aaSufficient aaConditions. aaMill's aaFive aaMethods. aaMill's aaMethods aaand aaScience. aaExercise.
11. Probability.
aa
Theories aaof aaProbability. aaThe aaProbability aaCalculus. aaExercise.
12. Statistical Reasoning.
aa aa
Evaluating aaStatistics. aaSamples. aaThe aaMeaning aaof aa"Average." aaDispersion. aaGraphs aaand aaPictograms. aaPercentages. aaExercise.
13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning.
aa aa
The aaHypothetical aaMethod. aaHypothetical aaReasoning: aaFour aaExamples aafrom aaScience. aaThe aaProof aaof aaHypotheses. aaThe aaTenta
aaAcceptance aaof aaHypotheses. aaExercise.
14. Science and Superstition.
aa aa aa
Distinguishing aaBetween aaScience aaand aaSuperstition. aaEvidentiary aaSupport. aaObjectivity. aaIntegrity. aaAbusing aaScience. aaExercise.
Answers aato aaSelected aaExercises.
, Chapter 1 Test A
aa aa aa
MULTIPLE aaCHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS: aaThe aafollowing aaselections aarelate aato aadistinguishing aaarguments aafrom
aanonarguments
and aaidentifying aaconclusions. aaSelect aathe aabest aaanswer aafor aaeach.
1. a a There aaappears aato aabe aa a aagrowing aahappiness aagap aabetween aamen aaand aawomen. aaWomen
aatoday aaare aaworking
more aaand aarelaxing aaless, aawhile aamen aaare aaworking aaless aaand aarelaxing aamore. aaForty aayears
aaago aaa aatypical
woman aaspent aa40 aaminutes aamore aaper aaweek aathan aathe aatypical aaman aaperforming aaan aaactivity
aaconsidered
unpleasant.
c. aaToday, aa
a a Argument; aawith aamen aa
conclusion: working
aa Forty aayearsaaless, aa the aaaagap
aaago aais aa
... aaan 90 aa minutes
activity
aa aaand aagrowing.
aaconsidered
a.unpleasant.
aa a a Argument; aaconclusion: aaToday aa... aathe aagap aais aa90 aaminutes aaand aagrowing.
b.
d. Nonargument.
a a Argument; aaconclusion: aaThere aaappears aato aabe aa... aabetween aamen
aaand aawomen.
ANS: PTS:
e. a a Argument; aaconclusion: aaWomen aatoday aaare aaworking aamore aaand
a a D
a a 2
aarelaxing aaless.
2. a a Lead aais aatoxic, aabut aado aayou aaknow aawhy? aaLead aais aatoxic aamainly aabecause aait aa preferentially
aareplaces aaother
metals aain aabiochemical aareactions. aaIn aa so aadoing aait aainterferes aawith aathe aaproteins aathat aaregulate
aablood aapressure
(which aacan aacause aadevelopment aadelays aain aachildren aaand aahigh aablood aapressure aain aaadults), aaheme
aaproduction
(whicha aacan
a. aalead aatoaa
a Argument; anemia), aaaaand
conclusion:
aa sperm aaproduction.
It aaaainterferes aawith aathe aa aaLead
proteins aaalso aadisplaces
aa...aa and aasperm aacalcium aain aathe
reactions aathat
aaproduction.
aa
transmit
b. a aaaelectrical
Argument;aaimpulses aain aa
aaconclusion: aathe
Lead aabrain, aawhich aadiminishes aathe aaability aato aathink aaand aarecall
aais aatoxic.
c.information.
aa a a Nonargument.
d. a a Argument; aaconclusion: aaIt aa preferentially Anne aareplacesaaMarie aaHelmstine,
aaother aametals aa aa"Your
in aaGuide aato
aabiochemical aareactions. aa Chemistry"
ANS:
e. PTS:
a a Argument; aaconclusion: aaLead aaalso aadisplaces aacalcium aa... aarecall aainformation.
a a C a a 2
3. a a Aristotle aafocused aaon aa clarifying aathe aaconcept aaof aa virtue aaitself. aaHe aa argued aathat aait aa was
aavirtuous aato aachoose aathe
proper aaamount aaof aa emotion aaand/or aaaction aacalled aafor aain aaa aaparticular aasituation aaand aathat
aaextremes aaof
emotion aaand aaaction aawere aavices. aaIn aa all aacommunities aathere aaare aasome aamen aaof aapractical
aawisdom aawho aahave David aaCooper, aaValue aaPluralism aaand aaEthical
the aacapacity
a. a a Argument; aato aajudge aawisely. aa
aaconclusion: aaAristotle aaarguedaaaa
In aa all aacommunities that
Choice aathey
aa... aa aahave
capacity aathe
aato aacapacity
aajudge aato aafollow aathe
aawisely.
b."righta aaarule"
aa Argument; aaconclusion: aaAristotle aafocused aaon aaclarifying aathe aaconcept aaof
whatever
aa aathe aasituation.
virtue aaitself.
c. a a Argument; aaconclusion: aaThey aahave aathe aacapacity aato aafollow aa... aathe
aasituation.
d. a a Argument; aaconclusion: aaHe aaargued aathat aait aawas aavirtuous aa... aawere aavices
ANS:
e. a a Nonargument.
PTS:
a a E a a 2
4. a a Illegal aaimmigrants aapay aalocal aasales aataxes, aaand aamany aaof aathem aaalso aapay aastate, aalocal,
aaand aafederal aaincome aatax
and aaSocial aaSecurity aatax. aaThey aaalso aapurchase aaitems aafrom aalocal aamerchants, aaincreasing aathe
aaamount aathese
merchants aapay aain aataxes. aaIn aa addition, aathey aawork aafor aalow aasalaries, aawhich aaincreases aathe
a.earnings
aa a a aa of aa their aaconclusion: aaIt aa is aanot aacorrect aato aasay aa... aacommunities aain
Argument;
employers
aa which aathey aaand aathe aaamount aaof aataxes aathese aaemployers aapay. aaThus, aait aais aanot aacorrect aato aasay
aalive.
aathat aaillegal
immigrants aacontribute aanothing aato aathe aacommunities aain aawhich aathey aalive.
1
TEST BANK
aa
A Concise Introduction to Logic
aa aa aa aa
14th Edition by Hurley Chapter 1 to 14
aa aa aa aa aa aa aa
TEST BANK aa
,aa
TABLE OF CONTENTS aa aa aa
Part I: INFORMAL LOGIC.
aa aa aa
1. Basic Concepts.
aa aa
Arguments, aaPremises, aaand aaConclusions. aaExercise. aaRecognizing aaArguments. aaExercise. aaDeduction aaand aaInduction. aaExercise. aaValid
aaTruth, aaSoundness, aaStrength, aaCogency. aaExercise. aaArgument aaForms: aaProving aaInvalidity. aaExercise. aaExtended aaArguments. aaExercise
2. Language: Meaning and Definition.
aa aa aa aa
Varieties aaof aaMeaning. aaExercise. aaThe aaIntension aaand aaExtension aaof aaTerms. aaExercise. aaDefinitions aaand aaTheir aaPurposes. aaExerc
aaDefinitional aaTechniques. aaExercise. aaCriteria aafor aaLexical aaDefinitions. aaExercise.
3. Informal Fallacies.
aa aa
Fallacies aain aaGeneral. aaExercise. aaFallacies aaof aaRelevance. aaExercise. aaFallacies aaof aaWeak aaInduction. aa Exercise. aa Fallacies
aaPresumption, aaAmbiguity, aaand aaIllicit aaTransference. aaExercise. aaFallacies aain aaOrdinary aaLanguage. aaExercise.
Part II: FORMAL LOGIC.
aa aa aa
4. Categorical Propositions.
aa aa
The aaComponents aaof aaCategorical aaPropositions. aaExercise. aaQuality, aaQuantity, aaand aaDistribution. aaExercise. aaVenn aaDiagrams aaand a
aaModern aaSquare aaof aaOpposition. aaExercise. aaConversion, aaObversion, aaand aaContraposition. aaExercise. aaThe aaTraditional aaSquare
aaOpposition. aaExercise. aaVenn aaDiagrams aaand aathe aaTraditional aaStandpoint. aaExercise. aaTranslating aaOrdinary aaLanguage aaStateme
aainto aaCategorical aaForm. aaExercise.
5. Categorical Syllogisms.
aa aa
Standard aaForm, aaMood, aaand aaFigure. aaExercise. aaVenn aaDiagrams. aaExercise. aaRules aaand aaFallacies. aaExercise. aaReducing aathe aaNum
aaof aaTerms. aaExercise. aaOrdinary aaLanguage aaArguments. aaExercise. aaEnthymemes. aaExercise. aaSorites. aaExercise.
6. Propositional Logic.
aa aa
Symbols aaand aaTranslation. aaExercise. aaTruth aaFunctions. aaExercise. aaTruth aaTables aafor aaPropositions. aa Exercise. aa Truth aa Tables a
aaArguments. aaExercise. aaIndirect aaTruth aaTables. aaExercise. aaArgument aaForms aaand aaFallacies. aaExercise.
7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic.
aa aa aa aa aa
Rules aaof aaImplication aaI. aaExercise. aaRules aaof aaImplication aaII. aaExercise. aaRules aaof aaReplacement aaI. aaExercise. aaRules aaof aaReplacem
aaII. aaExercise. aaConditional aaProof. aaExercise. aaIndirect aaProof. aaExercise. aaProving aaLogical aaTruths. aaExercise.
8. Predicate Logic.
aa aa
Symbols aaand aaTranslation. aaExercise. aaUsing aathe aaRules aaof aaInference. aaExercise. aaQuantifier aaNegation aaRule. aaExercise. aaConditio
aaand aaIndirect aaProof. aaExercise. aaProving aaInvalidity. aaExercise. aaRelational aaPredicates aaand aaOverlapping aaQuantifiers. aaExerc
aaIdentity. aaExercise.
Part III: INDUCTIVE LOGIC.
aa aa aa
9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning.
aa aa aa aa aa aa
Analogical aaReasoning. aaLegal aaReasoning. aaMoral aaReasoning. aaExercise.
,10. Causality and Mill's Methods.
aa aa aa aa
"Cause" aaand aaNecessary aaand aaSufficient aaConditions. aaMill's aaFive aaMethods. aaMill's aaMethods aaand aaScience. aaExercise.
11. Probability.
aa
Theories aaof aaProbability. aaThe aaProbability aaCalculus. aaExercise.
12. Statistical Reasoning.
aa aa
Evaluating aaStatistics. aaSamples. aaThe aaMeaning aaof aa"Average." aaDispersion. aaGraphs aaand aaPictograms. aaPercentages. aaExercise.
13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning.
aa aa
The aaHypothetical aaMethod. aaHypothetical aaReasoning: aaFour aaExamples aafrom aaScience. aaThe aaProof aaof aaHypotheses. aaThe aaTenta
aaAcceptance aaof aaHypotheses. aaExercise.
14. Science and Superstition.
aa aa aa
Distinguishing aaBetween aaScience aaand aaSuperstition. aaEvidentiary aaSupport. aaObjectivity. aaIntegrity. aaAbusing aaScience. aaExercise.
Answers aato aaSelected aaExercises.
, Chapter 1 Test A
aa aa aa
MULTIPLE aaCHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS: aaThe aafollowing aaselections aarelate aato aadistinguishing aaarguments aafrom
aanonarguments
and aaidentifying aaconclusions. aaSelect aathe aabest aaanswer aafor aaeach.
1. a a There aaappears aato aabe aa a aagrowing aahappiness aagap aabetween aamen aaand aawomen. aaWomen
aatoday aaare aaworking
more aaand aarelaxing aaless, aawhile aamen aaare aaworking aaless aaand aarelaxing aamore. aaForty aayears
aaago aaa aatypical
woman aaspent aa40 aaminutes aamore aaper aaweek aathan aathe aatypical aaman aaperforming aaan aaactivity
aaconsidered
unpleasant.
c. aaToday, aa
a a Argument; aawith aamen aa
conclusion: working
aa Forty aayearsaaless, aa the aaaagap
aaago aais aa
... aaan 90 aa minutes
activity
aa aaand aagrowing.
aaconsidered
a.unpleasant.
aa a a Argument; aaconclusion: aaToday aa... aathe aagap aais aa90 aaminutes aaand aagrowing.
b.
d. Nonargument.
a a Argument; aaconclusion: aaThere aaappears aato aabe aa... aabetween aamen
aaand aawomen.
ANS: PTS:
e. a a Argument; aaconclusion: aaWomen aatoday aaare aaworking aamore aaand
a a D
a a 2
aarelaxing aaless.
2. a a Lead aais aatoxic, aabut aado aayou aaknow aawhy? aaLead aais aatoxic aamainly aabecause aait aa preferentially
aareplaces aaother
metals aain aabiochemical aareactions. aaIn aa so aadoing aait aainterferes aawith aathe aaproteins aathat aaregulate
aablood aapressure
(which aacan aacause aadevelopment aadelays aain aachildren aaand aahigh aablood aapressure aain aaadults), aaheme
aaproduction
(whicha aacan
a. aalead aatoaa
a Argument; anemia), aaaaand
conclusion:
aa sperm aaproduction.
It aaaainterferes aawith aathe aa aaLead
proteins aaalso aadisplaces
aa...aa and aasperm aacalcium aain aathe
reactions aathat
aaproduction.
aa
transmit
b. a aaaelectrical
Argument;aaimpulses aain aa
aaconclusion: aathe
Lead aabrain, aawhich aadiminishes aathe aaability aato aathink aaand aarecall
aais aatoxic.
c.information.
aa a a Nonargument.
d. a a Argument; aaconclusion: aaIt aa preferentially Anne aareplacesaaMarie aaHelmstine,
aaother aametals aa aa"Your
in aaGuide aato
aabiochemical aareactions. aa Chemistry"
ANS:
e. PTS:
a a Argument; aaconclusion: aaLead aaalso aadisplaces aacalcium aa... aarecall aainformation.
a a C a a 2
3. a a Aristotle aafocused aaon aa clarifying aathe aaconcept aaof aa virtue aaitself. aaHe aa argued aathat aait aa was
aavirtuous aato aachoose aathe
proper aaamount aaof aa emotion aaand/or aaaction aacalled aafor aain aaa aaparticular aasituation aaand aathat
aaextremes aaof
emotion aaand aaaction aawere aavices. aaIn aa all aacommunities aathere aaare aasome aamen aaof aapractical
aawisdom aawho aahave David aaCooper, aaValue aaPluralism aaand aaEthical
the aacapacity
a. a a Argument; aato aajudge aawisely. aa
aaconclusion: aaAristotle aaarguedaaaa
In aa all aacommunities that
Choice aathey
aa... aa aahave
capacity aathe
aato aacapacity
aajudge aato aafollow aathe
aawisely.
b."righta aaarule"
aa Argument; aaconclusion: aaAristotle aafocused aaon aaclarifying aathe aaconcept aaof
whatever
aa aathe aasituation.
virtue aaitself.
c. a a Argument; aaconclusion: aaThey aahave aathe aacapacity aato aafollow aa... aathe
aasituation.
d. a a Argument; aaconclusion: aaHe aaargued aathat aait aawas aavirtuous aa... aawere aavices
ANS:
e. a a Nonargument.
PTS:
a a E a a 2
4. a a Illegal aaimmigrants aapay aalocal aasales aataxes, aaand aamany aaof aathem aaalso aapay aastate, aalocal,
aaand aafederal aaincome aatax
and aaSocial aaSecurity aatax. aaThey aaalso aapurchase aaitems aafrom aalocal aamerchants, aaincreasing aathe
aaamount aathese
merchants aapay aain aataxes. aaIn aa addition, aathey aawork aafor aalow aasalaries, aawhich aaincreases aathe
a.earnings
aa a a aa of aa their aaconclusion: aaIt aa is aanot aacorrect aato aasay aa... aacommunities aain
Argument;
employers
aa which aathey aaand aathe aaamount aaof aataxes aathese aaemployers aapay. aaThus, aait aais aanot aacorrect aato aasay
aalive.
aathat aaillegal
immigrants aacontribute aanothing aato aathe aacommunities aain aawhich aathey aalive.
1
