Prescribed Textbook Notes Criminal Procedure 314
Table of Contents
UNIT 2: THE CRIMINAL COURTS OF THE REPUBLIC AND ASPECTS OF
JURISDICTION ....................................................................................................................... 5
UNIT 3: INTERROGATION AND THE ASCERTAINMENT OF BODILY FEATURES ......... 7
UNIT 4: SEARCH AND SEIZURE.......................................................................................... 8
Slides: ................................................................................................................................. 8
Chapter 10: Search and Seizure: ..................................................................................... 9
10.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 9
10.2 Articles capable of seizure ................................................................................. 10
10.3 Search and seizure with a search warrant ....................................................... 10
10.4 The issuing and execution of a search warrant .............................................. 11
10.5 A State security warrant ..................................................................................... 12
10.6 Circumstances in which an article may be seized without a search warrant
........................................................................................................................................ 12
10.7 Entering of premises in order to search, obtain evidence, or arrest............ 13
10.8 Unlawful Searches ............................................................................................... 14
Case Summary: Mnyungula v Minister of Safety and Security and Others 2004 (1)
SACR 219 (Tk) .................................................................................................................. 14
Case Summary: S v Motloutsi 1996 (1) SACR 78 (C) .................................................. 15
Case Summary: Ntoyakhe v Minister of Safety and Security and Others 1999 (2)
SACR 349 (E) .................................................................................................................... 16
Case Summary: S v Boshoff and Others 1981 (1) SA 393 (T) .................................... 17
Case Summary: Minister of Safety and Security v Van der Merwe and Others 2011
(2) SACR 301 (CC) ........................................................................................................... 18
Summary and Analysis of "Warrantless Searches and Awards for Damages in
Light of the Judgment in Shashape v The Minister of Police Case No.: 1566/2018"
........................................................................................................................................... 19
UNIT 5: THE PROSECUTION OF CRIME........................................................................... 24
Slides: ............................................................................................................................... 24
Chapter 12: The Prosecuting Authority’s Discretion and Decision to Prosecute .. 26
12.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 26
12.2 The Professional Independence of the National Prosecuting Authority...... 26
12.3 Prosecutorial functions and duties ................................................................... 27
12.4 The prosecution as dominus litis ...................................................................... 28
12.5 The prosecuting authority and the police service .......................................... 28
12.6 The Discretion to Prosecute .............................................................................. 28
12.7 The Prosecuting Authority and the Judiciary .................................................. 31
12.8 Recusal or Removal of a Prosecutor ................................................................ 31
12.9 Private Prosecutions Overview ......................................................................... 31
1
,Prescribed Textbook Notes Criminal Procedure 314
12.10 Disposal of Cases at the Prosecution’s Discretion ...................................... 34
12.11 Prescription of the Right to Prosecute ........................................................... 36
Notes on Case: S v Dubayi 1976 (3) SA 110 (Tk) ......................................................... 37
Hendricks v Asmal [2021] case no A73/19 ................................................................... 38
Case Brief: Zuma v NDPP [Zuma I] ............................................................................... 39
Case Brief: President of the Republic of South Africa v Zuma and Others 2024 (1)
SACR 32 (GJ) [Zuma II] ................................................................................................... 40
Case Brief: Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma v William John Downer and Another (Case
no 788/2023) [2023] ZASCA 132 [Zuma III] ................................................................... 41
UNIT 7: SUMMONS, WRITTEN NOTICE, WARNINGS, INDICTMENTS & ARREST....... 43
Slides: ............................................................................................................................... 43
Chapter 11......................................................................................................................... 45
11.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 45
11.2 Summons in the Lower Courts in Terms of Sections 54-55........................... 46
11.3 Written Notice to Appear in the Lower Courts in Terms of Section 56 ......... 48
11.4 Release on Warning in Terms of Section 72 .................................................... 49
11.5 Indictment in the Superior Courts in Terms of Section 144 ........................... 49
11.6 Arrest ..................................................................................................................... 50
Chapter 13 ........................................................................................................................ 65
13.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 65
13.2 Lodgement and Service of the Charge Sheet and Indictment ....................... 66
13.3 The Essential Contents of a Charge Sheet ...................................................... 67
13.4 The Request for Further Particulars to a Charge ............................................ 68
13.5 Objections to a Charge Before Pleading .......................................................... 70
13.6 Remedying a Defective Charge Before Judgment .......................................... 70
13.7 Amendment of Material Defects in Charge in Terms of Section 86 .............. 71
13.8 Curing Material Omissions in the Charge in Terms of Section 88 ................ 72
13.9 Joinder of Charges .............................................................................................. 73
13.10 Improper Duplication of Convictions ('Splitting of Charges') ..................... 74
Case Summary: S v Mponda (2007 (2) SACR 245 (C)) ................................................ 75
Case Summary: S v Mpetha and Others (1981 (3) SA 803 (C)) .................................. 76
Case Summary: S v Mahlangu (1997 (1) SACR 338 (T)) ............................................. 77
UNIT 8: BAIL......................................................................................................................... 79
Slides: ............................................................................................................................... 79
Chapter 14 ........................................................................................................................ 81
14.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 81
14.2 The Influence of the Constitution on Bail......................................................... 82
14.3 The procedural place of bail in the criminal justice system .......................... 82
14.4 The interests of justice test for bail and the factors that inform the test .... 84
14.5 Explaining and fine-tuning section 60(4) factors ............................................ 85
2
,Prescribed Textbook Notes Criminal Procedure 314
14.6 The different kinds of bail before an accused’s first appearance ................. 87
14.7 Court ordered bail at accused’s first appearance ........................................... 89
14.8 The judicial officer’s role in a bail application ................................................. 91
14.9 Bail and the Child Justice Act ............................................................................ 93
Chapter 15 ........................................................................................................................ 93
15.1 Peremptory and Discretionary Bail Conditions ............................................... 93
15.2 Determining a Bail Amount ................................................................................ 94
15.3 Release or Amendment of Bail Conditions on Account of Prison Conditions
........................................................................................................................................ 95
15.4 Failure by Accused to Observe a Condition of Bail ........................................ 96
15.5 Failure of Accused on Bail to Appear at Trial .................................................. 97
15.6 Criminal Liability of a Person Who is on Bail on the Ground of Failure to
Appear or to Comply with a Condition of Bail ......................................................... 97
15.7 Cancellation of Bail ............................................................................................. 98
15.8 Appeal on a Refusal of Bail ................................................................................ 99
Case Summary: S v Dlamini; S v Dladla and Others; S v Joubert; S v Schietekat
(1999 (2) SACR 51 (CC)) ................................................................................................ 101
Case Summary: S v Branco (2002 (1) SACR 531 (W)) .............................................. 103
Case Summary: S v Miselo (2002 (1) SACR 649 (C)) ................................................ 103
Case Summary: S v Yanta (2000 (1) SACR 237 (Tk)) ................................................ 104
UNIT 9: ARRAIGNMENT AND PLEA OF THE ACCUSED .............................................. 106
Slides: ............................................................................................................................. 106
Chapter 19: Arraignment and Plea: ............................................................................. 108
Chapter 19.1: Introduction ........................................................................................ 108
19.2 Pleading guilty to a charge .............................................................................. 109
19.3 Pleading not guilty to a charge ........................................................................ 113
19.4 Changing a plea of not guilty to one of guilty ............................................... 116
19.5 Changing a plea of guilty to one of not guilty ............................................... 117
Case Summary: S v Mahlangu (1993 (1) SACR 183 (BG)) ........................................ 118
Case Summary: S v Basson (2007 (1) SACR 566 (CC)) ............................................ 119
Case Summary: Qoko v La Grange NO and Others (2004 (2) SACR 521 (E)) ........ 120
Case Summary: S v Seleke en ‘n Ander (1980 (3) SA 745 (A)) ................................ 122
Case Summary: S v Hendricks (1995 (2) SACR 177 (A)) .......................................... 123
UNIT 10: A REVIEW OF THE STRUCTURE & CONDUCT OF A CRIMINAL TRIAL ..... 125
Slides: ............................................................................................................................. 125
Chapter 20 ...................................................................................................................... 127
20.1 The jurisprudential foundations of a fair trial ................................................ 127
20.2 The principle of confrontation in a fair trial ................................................... 129
20.3 The structure of the courts............................................................................... 131
3
, Prescribed Textbook Notes Criminal Procedure 314
20.4 The procedural duties of a judicial officer ..................................................... 132
20.5 Joinder and separation of trials ...................................................................... 134
20.6 Enquiry into Accused’s Medical and Mental Health Status ......................... 136
Chapter 21 ...................................................................................................................... 138
21.1 Accusatorial Trial Procedures ......................................................................... 138
21.2 The Presentation of Viva Voce Testimony ...................................................... 141
21.3 Opening Statements.......................................................................................... 143
21.4 The State Case ................................................................................................... 143
21.5 The Defence Case .............................................................................................. 146
21.6 Closing Statements ........................................................................................... 147
21.7 The Passing of Judgment at the End of a Trial ............................................. 147
21.8 Competent Verdicts ........................................................................................... 149
21.9 Amendments to a Verdict ................................................................................. 150
UNIT 11: SENTENCING: AN INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 152
Case Summary: S v Zinn (1969 (2) SA 537 (A)) ......................................................... 153
Case Summary: S v Malgas (2001 (1) SACR 469 (SCA)) .......................................... 154
Case Summary: S v Dodo (2001 (1) SACR 594 (CC)) ................................................ 156
Case Summary: S v M (Centre for Child Law as amicus curiae) 2007 (2) SACR 539
(CC).................................................................................................................................. 158
Case Summary: S v B 2006 (1) SACR 311 (SCA) ....................................................... 160
UNIT 12: REVIEW............................................................................................................... 161
UNIT 13: APPEAL .............................................................................................................. 162
4
Table of Contents
UNIT 2: THE CRIMINAL COURTS OF THE REPUBLIC AND ASPECTS OF
JURISDICTION ....................................................................................................................... 5
UNIT 3: INTERROGATION AND THE ASCERTAINMENT OF BODILY FEATURES ......... 7
UNIT 4: SEARCH AND SEIZURE.......................................................................................... 8
Slides: ................................................................................................................................. 8
Chapter 10: Search and Seizure: ..................................................................................... 9
10.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 9
10.2 Articles capable of seizure ................................................................................. 10
10.3 Search and seizure with a search warrant ....................................................... 10
10.4 The issuing and execution of a search warrant .............................................. 11
10.5 A State security warrant ..................................................................................... 12
10.6 Circumstances in which an article may be seized without a search warrant
........................................................................................................................................ 12
10.7 Entering of premises in order to search, obtain evidence, or arrest............ 13
10.8 Unlawful Searches ............................................................................................... 14
Case Summary: Mnyungula v Minister of Safety and Security and Others 2004 (1)
SACR 219 (Tk) .................................................................................................................. 14
Case Summary: S v Motloutsi 1996 (1) SACR 78 (C) .................................................. 15
Case Summary: Ntoyakhe v Minister of Safety and Security and Others 1999 (2)
SACR 349 (E) .................................................................................................................... 16
Case Summary: S v Boshoff and Others 1981 (1) SA 393 (T) .................................... 17
Case Summary: Minister of Safety and Security v Van der Merwe and Others 2011
(2) SACR 301 (CC) ........................................................................................................... 18
Summary and Analysis of "Warrantless Searches and Awards for Damages in
Light of the Judgment in Shashape v The Minister of Police Case No.: 1566/2018"
........................................................................................................................................... 19
UNIT 5: THE PROSECUTION OF CRIME........................................................................... 24
Slides: ............................................................................................................................... 24
Chapter 12: The Prosecuting Authority’s Discretion and Decision to Prosecute .. 26
12.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 26
12.2 The Professional Independence of the National Prosecuting Authority...... 26
12.3 Prosecutorial functions and duties ................................................................... 27
12.4 The prosecution as dominus litis ...................................................................... 28
12.5 The prosecuting authority and the police service .......................................... 28
12.6 The Discretion to Prosecute .............................................................................. 28
12.7 The Prosecuting Authority and the Judiciary .................................................. 31
12.8 Recusal or Removal of a Prosecutor ................................................................ 31
12.9 Private Prosecutions Overview ......................................................................... 31
1
,Prescribed Textbook Notes Criminal Procedure 314
12.10 Disposal of Cases at the Prosecution’s Discretion ...................................... 34
12.11 Prescription of the Right to Prosecute ........................................................... 36
Notes on Case: S v Dubayi 1976 (3) SA 110 (Tk) ......................................................... 37
Hendricks v Asmal [2021] case no A73/19 ................................................................... 38
Case Brief: Zuma v NDPP [Zuma I] ............................................................................... 39
Case Brief: President of the Republic of South Africa v Zuma and Others 2024 (1)
SACR 32 (GJ) [Zuma II] ................................................................................................... 40
Case Brief: Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma v William John Downer and Another (Case
no 788/2023) [2023] ZASCA 132 [Zuma III] ................................................................... 41
UNIT 7: SUMMONS, WRITTEN NOTICE, WARNINGS, INDICTMENTS & ARREST....... 43
Slides: ............................................................................................................................... 43
Chapter 11......................................................................................................................... 45
11.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 45
11.2 Summons in the Lower Courts in Terms of Sections 54-55........................... 46
11.3 Written Notice to Appear in the Lower Courts in Terms of Section 56 ......... 48
11.4 Release on Warning in Terms of Section 72 .................................................... 49
11.5 Indictment in the Superior Courts in Terms of Section 144 ........................... 49
11.6 Arrest ..................................................................................................................... 50
Chapter 13 ........................................................................................................................ 65
13.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 65
13.2 Lodgement and Service of the Charge Sheet and Indictment ....................... 66
13.3 The Essential Contents of a Charge Sheet ...................................................... 67
13.4 The Request for Further Particulars to a Charge ............................................ 68
13.5 Objections to a Charge Before Pleading .......................................................... 70
13.6 Remedying a Defective Charge Before Judgment .......................................... 70
13.7 Amendment of Material Defects in Charge in Terms of Section 86 .............. 71
13.8 Curing Material Omissions in the Charge in Terms of Section 88 ................ 72
13.9 Joinder of Charges .............................................................................................. 73
13.10 Improper Duplication of Convictions ('Splitting of Charges') ..................... 74
Case Summary: S v Mponda (2007 (2) SACR 245 (C)) ................................................ 75
Case Summary: S v Mpetha and Others (1981 (3) SA 803 (C)) .................................. 76
Case Summary: S v Mahlangu (1997 (1) SACR 338 (T)) ............................................. 77
UNIT 8: BAIL......................................................................................................................... 79
Slides: ............................................................................................................................... 79
Chapter 14 ........................................................................................................................ 81
14.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 81
14.2 The Influence of the Constitution on Bail......................................................... 82
14.3 The procedural place of bail in the criminal justice system .......................... 82
14.4 The interests of justice test for bail and the factors that inform the test .... 84
14.5 Explaining and fine-tuning section 60(4) factors ............................................ 85
2
,Prescribed Textbook Notes Criminal Procedure 314
14.6 The different kinds of bail before an accused’s first appearance ................. 87
14.7 Court ordered bail at accused’s first appearance ........................................... 89
14.8 The judicial officer’s role in a bail application ................................................. 91
14.9 Bail and the Child Justice Act ............................................................................ 93
Chapter 15 ........................................................................................................................ 93
15.1 Peremptory and Discretionary Bail Conditions ............................................... 93
15.2 Determining a Bail Amount ................................................................................ 94
15.3 Release or Amendment of Bail Conditions on Account of Prison Conditions
........................................................................................................................................ 95
15.4 Failure by Accused to Observe a Condition of Bail ........................................ 96
15.5 Failure of Accused on Bail to Appear at Trial .................................................. 97
15.6 Criminal Liability of a Person Who is on Bail on the Ground of Failure to
Appear or to Comply with a Condition of Bail ......................................................... 97
15.7 Cancellation of Bail ............................................................................................. 98
15.8 Appeal on a Refusal of Bail ................................................................................ 99
Case Summary: S v Dlamini; S v Dladla and Others; S v Joubert; S v Schietekat
(1999 (2) SACR 51 (CC)) ................................................................................................ 101
Case Summary: S v Branco (2002 (1) SACR 531 (W)) .............................................. 103
Case Summary: S v Miselo (2002 (1) SACR 649 (C)) ................................................ 103
Case Summary: S v Yanta (2000 (1) SACR 237 (Tk)) ................................................ 104
UNIT 9: ARRAIGNMENT AND PLEA OF THE ACCUSED .............................................. 106
Slides: ............................................................................................................................. 106
Chapter 19: Arraignment and Plea: ............................................................................. 108
Chapter 19.1: Introduction ........................................................................................ 108
19.2 Pleading guilty to a charge .............................................................................. 109
19.3 Pleading not guilty to a charge ........................................................................ 113
19.4 Changing a plea of not guilty to one of guilty ............................................... 116
19.5 Changing a plea of guilty to one of not guilty ............................................... 117
Case Summary: S v Mahlangu (1993 (1) SACR 183 (BG)) ........................................ 118
Case Summary: S v Basson (2007 (1) SACR 566 (CC)) ............................................ 119
Case Summary: Qoko v La Grange NO and Others (2004 (2) SACR 521 (E)) ........ 120
Case Summary: S v Seleke en ‘n Ander (1980 (3) SA 745 (A)) ................................ 122
Case Summary: S v Hendricks (1995 (2) SACR 177 (A)) .......................................... 123
UNIT 10: A REVIEW OF THE STRUCTURE & CONDUCT OF A CRIMINAL TRIAL ..... 125
Slides: ............................................................................................................................. 125
Chapter 20 ...................................................................................................................... 127
20.1 The jurisprudential foundations of a fair trial ................................................ 127
20.2 The principle of confrontation in a fair trial ................................................... 129
20.3 The structure of the courts............................................................................... 131
3
, Prescribed Textbook Notes Criminal Procedure 314
20.4 The procedural duties of a judicial officer ..................................................... 132
20.5 Joinder and separation of trials ...................................................................... 134
20.6 Enquiry into Accused’s Medical and Mental Health Status ......................... 136
Chapter 21 ...................................................................................................................... 138
21.1 Accusatorial Trial Procedures ......................................................................... 138
21.2 The Presentation of Viva Voce Testimony ...................................................... 141
21.3 Opening Statements.......................................................................................... 143
21.4 The State Case ................................................................................................... 143
21.5 The Defence Case .............................................................................................. 146
21.6 Closing Statements ........................................................................................... 147
21.7 The Passing of Judgment at the End of a Trial ............................................. 147
21.8 Competent Verdicts ........................................................................................... 149
21.9 Amendments to a Verdict ................................................................................. 150
UNIT 11: SENTENCING: AN INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 152
Case Summary: S v Zinn (1969 (2) SA 537 (A)) ......................................................... 153
Case Summary: S v Malgas (2001 (1) SACR 469 (SCA)) .......................................... 154
Case Summary: S v Dodo (2001 (1) SACR 594 (CC)) ................................................ 156
Case Summary: S v M (Centre for Child Law as amicus curiae) 2007 (2) SACR 539
(CC).................................................................................................................................. 158
Case Summary: S v B 2006 (1) SACR 311 (SCA) ....................................................... 160
UNIT 12: REVIEW............................................................................................................... 161
UNIT 13: APPEAL .............................................................................................................. 162
4
