MCB6424 PROBIOTICS EXAM 1 (MODULES 1-8)
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
Bulgariankyogurtkcontainedkwhichkspecies?k-kCORRECTkANSWERk-
lactobacilluskbulgaricuskandkstreptococcuskthermophilus
Tissierk-k1899k-kCORRECTkANSWERk-
identifiedkbifidobacteriakandkpromotedktherapeutickusekforktreatingkinfantkdiarrhea.
Metchnikoffk-k1907k-kCORRECTkANSWERk-
Proposedkthatkthekacidkproducingkbacteriakinkfermentedkmilkkproductskcouldkpreventk"fouling"kinktheklarge
kintestinekandkleadktokaklongerklife.kHeksuggestedkthatkthekbacteriak(lactobacilluskandkstrep)kinkyogurtksuppr
esskthekbadkfermentationkinkintestinalkflorakandkconsumptionkofkyogurtkplayskakrolekinkmaintainingkhealth.
1930sk-kMinorukShirotak-kCORRECTkANSWERk-developedkakfermentedkmilkkproductkcalledkYakult
1935k-kstartedkmarketingkyakultkaskakprobiotickyogurt-
likekproductkmadekbykfermentingkakmixturekofkskimmedkmilkkwithkakstrainkofkLactobacilluskcaseikshirota.
1965k-kLillykandkStillwellk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-probioticsktermkcoinedk-
k"substancesksecretedkbykonekmicroorganismkthatkstimulatekthekgrowthkofkanother"
CurrentkDefinitionkofkProbiotics:k-kCORRECTkANSWERk-
"Livekmicroorganisms,kwhichkwhenkadministeredkinkadequatekamountskconferkakhealthkbenefitkonkthekhost
"
Whokcoinedkthekcurrentkdefinitionkofkprobiotics?k-kCORRECTkANSWERk-
Definedkink2002kbykFoodkandkAgriculturalkOrganizationkofkthekUnitedkNationskandkWHO
Guidelineskforkakproductktokbekcalledk"probiotic"k-kCORRECTkANSWERk-publishedkbykFAO/WHOkink2002
strainedkbekdesignedkindividually
speciatedkappropriatelyk-kgoodkmolecularktoolsktokidentifykwhatkiskpresentkinkthatkproductk-
kdifferentkstrainskofkakspecieskofkLactobacilluskcaseikwillknotkallkhavektheksamekeffectkonkthekhostk
,retainkakviablekcountkatkthekendkofktheirkshelfklifekinkthekdesignatedkproductkformulationkthatkconferskakpro
venkclinicalkend-point
True/FalsekThekprobiotickdefinitionkrequireskthatkthekefficacykandksafetykofkprobioticskbekverifiedk-
kCORRECTkANSWERk-True
assessmentkofkthiskconstituteskankimportantkpartkofktheirkcharacterizationkforkhumankusek-
kifktheykmakekakclaimkthatksomethingkwillkreducekakheadache,ktheykMUSTkhavekclinicalktrialskthatkbackkupkt
hatkclaimk(andknotkcausekotherksidekeffects)
Strainskmustkgokthroughkrigorouskclinicalktrialsk-kitktakeskyears.kWhatkarekthekphaseskofktesting?k-
kCORRECTkANSWERk-phasek1k-kanimalktesting
phasek2k-kdoublekblindkhumanktrialsk
Thenkit'skakprobiotickfoodk(labeling,ketc.)
phasek3k-keffectivenessk-konlyknecessarykifkyou'rektryingktokusekforkdiseasekprevention
Mostkcommonkgenerakofkprobiotickorganismsk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-
Lactobacillus,kStreptococcus,kBifidobacterium
lesskcommonk-kEnterococcus,kBacillus,kSaccharomyces,kPropionibacterium
GeneralkSelectionkCriteriakforkProbioticsk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-Non-pathogenickandknon-toxick
Ablektoksurvivekthekpassagekthroughkthekdigestiveksystem
Ablektokattachktokthekintestinalkepitheliakandkcolonize
Ablektokmaintainkgoodkviability
Ablektokutilizektheknutrientskandksubstrateskinkaknormalkdiet
Capablekofkexertingkakbeneficialkeffectkonkthekhost
LactickAcidkBacteria:kGeneralkDescriptionk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-Domain:kBacteria
Phylum:kFirmicutes
Class:kBacilli
, Order:kLactobacillalesk
Gram-positive
Non-sporekformer
Non-respiringkcoccikorkbacillik
Strictlykfermentativekwithklactickacidkaskthekmajorkend-product
Fastidiousk(needkmanyknutrientsktokgrow)
Acidktolerant
Aerococcusk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-meatkcuringkbrines
Carnobacteriumk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-
previouslykgroupkDkstreptococci;kintestinal;kopportunistickpathogen;kpossiblekprobiotic
Lactobacillusk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-widespreadkintestinalkandkextraintestinalkorganisms;kfoodkfermenter
Lactococcusk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-
PreviouslykgroupkNk(lactic)kstreptococci;kstarterkcultureskforkmostkcheeses
Leuconostock-kCORRECTkANSWERk-meatkpreservationkandkspoilage;ksugarkspoilage
Oenococcusk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-malolactickfermentationkofkwine
Pediococcusk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-Traditionalkgenuskinvolvedkinkmeatkfermentation;kbeerkspoilage
Streptococcusk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-
MainlykpathogenskexceptkforkS.kthermophiluskthatkiskusedkinkcheesekandkyogurtkmaking
Tetragenococcusk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-previouslykPediococcus;kusedkinkproductionkofksoyksauce
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
Bulgariankyogurtkcontainedkwhichkspecies?k-kCORRECTkANSWERk-
lactobacilluskbulgaricuskandkstreptococcuskthermophilus
Tissierk-k1899k-kCORRECTkANSWERk-
identifiedkbifidobacteriakandkpromotedktherapeutickusekforktreatingkinfantkdiarrhea.
Metchnikoffk-k1907k-kCORRECTkANSWERk-
Proposedkthatkthekacidkproducingkbacteriakinkfermentedkmilkkproductskcouldkpreventk"fouling"kinktheklarge
kintestinekandkleadktokaklongerklife.kHeksuggestedkthatkthekbacteriak(lactobacilluskandkstrep)kinkyogurtksuppr
esskthekbadkfermentationkinkintestinalkflorakandkconsumptionkofkyogurtkplayskakrolekinkmaintainingkhealth.
1930sk-kMinorukShirotak-kCORRECTkANSWERk-developedkakfermentedkmilkkproductkcalledkYakult
1935k-kstartedkmarketingkyakultkaskakprobiotickyogurt-
likekproductkmadekbykfermentingkakmixturekofkskimmedkmilkkwithkakstrainkofkLactobacilluskcaseikshirota.
1965k-kLillykandkStillwellk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-probioticsktermkcoinedk-
k"substancesksecretedkbykonekmicroorganismkthatkstimulatekthekgrowthkofkanother"
CurrentkDefinitionkofkProbiotics:k-kCORRECTkANSWERk-
"Livekmicroorganisms,kwhichkwhenkadministeredkinkadequatekamountskconferkakhealthkbenefitkonkthekhost
"
Whokcoinedkthekcurrentkdefinitionkofkprobiotics?k-kCORRECTkANSWERk-
Definedkink2002kbykFoodkandkAgriculturalkOrganizationkofkthekUnitedkNationskandkWHO
Guidelineskforkakproductktokbekcalledk"probiotic"k-kCORRECTkANSWERk-publishedkbykFAO/WHOkink2002
strainedkbekdesignedkindividually
speciatedkappropriatelyk-kgoodkmolecularktoolsktokidentifykwhatkiskpresentkinkthatkproductk-
kdifferentkstrainskofkakspecieskofkLactobacilluskcaseikwillknotkallkhavektheksamekeffectkonkthekhostk
,retainkakviablekcountkatkthekendkofktheirkshelfklifekinkthekdesignatedkproductkformulationkthatkconferskakpro
venkclinicalkend-point
True/FalsekThekprobiotickdefinitionkrequireskthatkthekefficacykandksafetykofkprobioticskbekverifiedk-
kCORRECTkANSWERk-True
assessmentkofkthiskconstituteskankimportantkpartkofktheirkcharacterizationkforkhumankusek-
kifktheykmakekakclaimkthatksomethingkwillkreducekakheadache,ktheykMUSTkhavekclinicalktrialskthatkbackkupkt
hatkclaimk(andknotkcausekotherksidekeffects)
Strainskmustkgokthroughkrigorouskclinicalktrialsk-kitktakeskyears.kWhatkarekthekphaseskofktesting?k-
kCORRECTkANSWERk-phasek1k-kanimalktesting
phasek2k-kdoublekblindkhumanktrialsk
Thenkit'skakprobiotickfoodk(labeling,ketc.)
phasek3k-keffectivenessk-konlyknecessarykifkyou'rektryingktokusekforkdiseasekprevention
Mostkcommonkgenerakofkprobiotickorganismsk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-
Lactobacillus,kStreptococcus,kBifidobacterium
lesskcommonk-kEnterococcus,kBacillus,kSaccharomyces,kPropionibacterium
GeneralkSelectionkCriteriakforkProbioticsk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-Non-pathogenickandknon-toxick
Ablektoksurvivekthekpassagekthroughkthekdigestiveksystem
Ablektokattachktokthekintestinalkepitheliakandkcolonize
Ablektokmaintainkgoodkviability
Ablektokutilizektheknutrientskandksubstrateskinkaknormalkdiet
Capablekofkexertingkakbeneficialkeffectkonkthekhost
LactickAcidkBacteria:kGeneralkDescriptionk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-Domain:kBacteria
Phylum:kFirmicutes
Class:kBacilli
, Order:kLactobacillalesk
Gram-positive
Non-sporekformer
Non-respiringkcoccikorkbacillik
Strictlykfermentativekwithklactickacidkaskthekmajorkend-product
Fastidiousk(needkmanyknutrientsktokgrow)
Acidktolerant
Aerococcusk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-meatkcuringkbrines
Carnobacteriumk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-
previouslykgroupkDkstreptococci;kintestinal;kopportunistickpathogen;kpossiblekprobiotic
Lactobacillusk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-widespreadkintestinalkandkextraintestinalkorganisms;kfoodkfermenter
Lactococcusk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-
PreviouslykgroupkNk(lactic)kstreptococci;kstarterkcultureskforkmostkcheeses
Leuconostock-kCORRECTkANSWERk-meatkpreservationkandkspoilage;ksugarkspoilage
Oenococcusk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-malolactickfermentationkofkwine
Pediococcusk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-Traditionalkgenuskinvolvedkinkmeatkfermentation;kbeerkspoilage
Streptococcusk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-
MainlykpathogenskexceptkforkS.kthermophiluskthatkiskusedkinkcheesekandkyogurtkmaking
Tetragenococcusk-kCORRECTkANSWERk-previouslykPediococcus;kusedkinkproductionkofksoyksauce
