and Corresponding Answers with Surety
of 100% Pass Mark
1.) stimulate cytotoxic T- cells
2.) Stimulate B cells to produce antibodies
3.) stimulate macrophages - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔List the three things Helper T-
cells do once they have been turned on.
IgM - primary and largest responder, primary immune response, pentamer
IgG-secondary response, passive immunity ( cross placental barrier)
IgA- breast milk , tears and saliva secretions (dimer)
IgD-Surface body antigens
IgE-allergic reactions , parasitic infections - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔What are the
four immunoglobulins? Describe them.
ACID
A: anaphylaxis- immediate
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,C: cytotoxic: antibody/antigen-> cell lysis
I: immune complex ( antigen, antibody and complement system)
D: Delay onset: cell mediated (poison Ivy) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔List the 4 types
of Hypersensitivities.
Trap: by phagocytosis
process: by breaking down into polypeptides
present: to helper t cell - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔List the three jobs of a
macrophage.
foreign
high molecular weight
chemically complex - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔What three criteria classify an antigen
as an immunogen?
Vera = increased RBC due to cancer
secondary= normal increase in RBC due to altitude - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Differentiate between Polycythemia Vera and Secondary Polycythemia.
Vitamin C,E,A
selenium
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,superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase,G6Pd -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔What are the "Free Radical Scavengers?" (3 vitamins, 3
enzymes, 1 mineral)
margination
pavmentation
emigration - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔What three steps are included in the Exudation
step of acute inflammation?
1.) increased vascularity flow
2.) increased permeability
3.) exudation
4.) diapedesis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔List the four steps of Acute Inflammation.
RA
myesthenia gravis
chrohn's
graves
MS - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔List 5 Autoimmune diseases.
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, Frameshift
point mutation - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔List the two types of mutations that can
occur in DNA.
-Liquefication: watery breakup of tissues d/t bacterial infection
- coagulation: coagulation of cells d/t sudden loss of blood
-caseous: cheesy material accumulation d/t infection (TB)
- gummatous- accumulation of gummy material ( d/t syphilis)
- Fat: death of adipose d/t fat splitting enzymes (Soaponification)
- gangrenous: death of cells in an extremity d/t ischemia or bacterial
infection - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔List and describe the different types of necrosis
dystrophic: damaged tissue due to accumulation of calcium and other
mineral salts
metastatic: increased calcium in normal tissue d/t systemic problem (
hypercalemia) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Dystrophic calcification vs Metastatic
calcification
Marfan Syndrome, Ehler-danlos, acondroplasia, dwarfism are what type of
inheritance pattern? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Autosomal dominant
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