BIO 431 PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Catecholamines - Answer-epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine
- are synthesized by modifying tyrosine
Histamine - Answer-synthesized from histidine by mast cells and platelets
Serotonin - Answer-derived from tryptophan
Melatonin - Answer-derived from tryptophan
Peptide and protein hormones - Answer-amino acid polymers
Peptide - Answer-ADH and oxytocin
Protein - Answer-TSH
Eicosanoid hormones - Answer-derived from arachidonic acid
- prostaglandins and leukotrienes (local hormones)
Erythrocytes - Answer-RBC; contain the oxygen and hemoglobin.
Function is to carry O2 to the cells and carry CO2 out of the cells
RBC - Answer-each contains 280 million hemoglobin molecules
Hemoglobin - Answer-plays role in regulating blood pressure
Anemia - Answer-the condition of insufficient RBC or hemoglobin
Erythropoiesis - Answer-is the production of RBCs -- begins in RBM with a
proerythroblast
Thrombocyte - Answer-platelet; splinters of megakaryocytes that have broken apart
while still in RBM
3 Mechanisms of Homeostasis - Answer-vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, blood
clot
Cardiac conduction system - Answer-SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle
branches and Purkinje fibers
SA node - Answer-pacemaker of the heart; causes atrial muscles to contract
, AV node - Answer-delays arterial pressure 1/10 of a second to prevent atrium and
ventricles from contracting simultaneously
P - Answer-right atrium depolarization, SA node electrical signal to AV node
PQ - Answer-atrium contracting, electrical wave moving down the Bundle of His to
purkinje fibers
QRS - Answer-ventricles depolarizing; atrium repolarizing
ST - Answer-ventricle contracts; plateau phase
T - Answer-ventricle repolarization
S1 - Answer-the first heart sound (lub); caused by blood turbulence associated with the
closing of the AV valves
S2 - Answer-the second heart sound (dub); caused by blood turbulence associated with
closing of the semilunar valves
Cardiac output - Answer-stroke volume times heart rate; mean arterial pressure divided
by resistance
Stroke volume - Answer-regulated preload, contractility and afterload
Preload - Answer-the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts; a greater
preload will increase the force of contractions
Contractility - Answer-the forcefulness of contraction of individual ventricular muscle
fibers; positive inotropic agents increase
Afterload - Answer-the pressure that must be exceeded before ejection of blood from
the ventricles can occur; CAUSES STROKE VOLUME TO DECREASE WHEN
INCREASED
Edema - Answer-abnormal increase in IF resulting from excess filtration or inadequate
reabsorption
Increase in blood pressure - Answer-norepinephrine, epinephrine, renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone
Decrease in blood pressure - Answer-atrial natriuretic peptide, nitric oxide
Mean arterial pressure - Answer-1/3 SBP + 2/3 DBP
Leukocytes - Answer-white blood cells; Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Catecholamines - Answer-epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine
- are synthesized by modifying tyrosine
Histamine - Answer-synthesized from histidine by mast cells and platelets
Serotonin - Answer-derived from tryptophan
Melatonin - Answer-derived from tryptophan
Peptide and protein hormones - Answer-amino acid polymers
Peptide - Answer-ADH and oxytocin
Protein - Answer-TSH
Eicosanoid hormones - Answer-derived from arachidonic acid
- prostaglandins and leukotrienes (local hormones)
Erythrocytes - Answer-RBC; contain the oxygen and hemoglobin.
Function is to carry O2 to the cells and carry CO2 out of the cells
RBC - Answer-each contains 280 million hemoglobin molecules
Hemoglobin - Answer-plays role in regulating blood pressure
Anemia - Answer-the condition of insufficient RBC or hemoglobin
Erythropoiesis - Answer-is the production of RBCs -- begins in RBM with a
proerythroblast
Thrombocyte - Answer-platelet; splinters of megakaryocytes that have broken apart
while still in RBM
3 Mechanisms of Homeostasis - Answer-vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, blood
clot
Cardiac conduction system - Answer-SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle
branches and Purkinje fibers
SA node - Answer-pacemaker of the heart; causes atrial muscles to contract
, AV node - Answer-delays arterial pressure 1/10 of a second to prevent atrium and
ventricles from contracting simultaneously
P - Answer-right atrium depolarization, SA node electrical signal to AV node
PQ - Answer-atrium contracting, electrical wave moving down the Bundle of His to
purkinje fibers
QRS - Answer-ventricles depolarizing; atrium repolarizing
ST - Answer-ventricle contracts; plateau phase
T - Answer-ventricle repolarization
S1 - Answer-the first heart sound (lub); caused by blood turbulence associated with the
closing of the AV valves
S2 - Answer-the second heart sound (dub); caused by blood turbulence associated with
closing of the semilunar valves
Cardiac output - Answer-stroke volume times heart rate; mean arterial pressure divided
by resistance
Stroke volume - Answer-regulated preload, contractility and afterload
Preload - Answer-the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts; a greater
preload will increase the force of contractions
Contractility - Answer-the forcefulness of contraction of individual ventricular muscle
fibers; positive inotropic agents increase
Afterload - Answer-the pressure that must be exceeded before ejection of blood from
the ventricles can occur; CAUSES STROKE VOLUME TO DECREASE WHEN
INCREASED
Edema - Answer-abnormal increase in IF resulting from excess filtration or inadequate
reabsorption
Increase in blood pressure - Answer-norepinephrine, epinephrine, renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone
Decrease in blood pressure - Answer-atrial natriuretic peptide, nitric oxide
Mean arterial pressure - Answer-1/3 SBP + 2/3 DBP
Leukocytes - Answer-white blood cells; Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
