Exam 3 PSY3213 |220 questions with verified
answers
__________ is a simple study that uses a separate group of participants that is
generally completed before conducting the study of primary interest in order to
confirm the effectiveness of a manipulation Ans✓✓✓ A pilot study
___________ are the means for each level of an independent variable, averaging
over levels of the other independent variable Ans✓✓✓ marginal means
___________ is an extra dependent variable that can be used to help researchers
quantify how well an experimental manipulation worked Ans✓✓✓ A
manipulation check
1. examined the effects of price, attractiveness, and consumer on the perceived
tastiness and expensiveness of a dish of fried rice. The study was a 2 × 2 × 2
design that varied price (inexpensive or expensive), picture (attractive or
unattractive), and consumer (self or classmate) in a between-subjects design.
What is the dependent variable? Ans✓✓✓ tastiness and expensiveness
1. Koordeman et al. (2011) conducted a study on the effect of alcohol
commercials on alcohol consumption in a movie theater. Participants saw one of
two types of beverage commercials: alcoholic or nonalcoholic. Their consumption
of alcohol during the movie was then measured. Finally, they completed a
questionnaire on their usual drinking habits. Koordeman et al. found that young
adults who generally consume large amounts of alcohol each week were
influenced to drink more alcohol when they saw alcohol commercials, whereas
the alcohol consumption of young adults who generally consume small amounts
of alcohol each week was not influenced by the type of commercial shown. Which
of the following is a factor in this study? Ans✓✓✓ type of commercial shown
,1. When authors of a research article are describing just the results of a factorial
study, which of these terms would you NOT expect to see?
a. interaction effect
b. main effect
c. correlation
d. significant Ans✓✓✓ correlation
1. Which of the following does NOT contribute to within-groups variability?
a. individual differences
b. situation noise
c. measurement error
d. ceiling effect Ans✓✓✓ ceiling effect
1. Which of the following is NOT a problem that may contribute to a null effect in
a study?
,a. large sample size
b. design confound acting in reverse
c. insensitive measures
d. weak manipulations Ans✓✓✓ large sample size
6 sources of carry over effects Ans✓✓✓ Learned, Fatique, Habitation (repeats
cause less response), Sensitization (exposure causes stronger response), Contrast
(comparison to other treatments), Adaptation (physiological changes s/a eyes
adjust to light)
A _______ design is one in which there are two or more independent variables.
Ans✓✓✓ factorial
A city in California has asked Professor Rodriguez to conduct an experiment on
earthquake preparedness. Professor Rodriguez will assess the preparedness of a
random sample of residents in the city and the city will mail out their annual
brochure on earthquake safety. Then, two weeks later, he will again assess the
preparedness of those residents. Right after the brochures are mailed, a large
earthquake is reported in Japan. What threat to internal validity does this pose?
Ans✓✓✓ history
A company that owned several hospitals in rural areas of the south went bankrupt
and closed the hospitals it operated over a period of a couple of months.
Researchers became aware of this situation and used public health records to
document average age at death of residents in those communities where the
hospitals closed and in communities that were matched on several variables but
, did not lose their hospitals. The researchers collected death records for several
years before and after the closure of these hospitals to look at the effect the
closure had on life expectancy. What kind of research design are the researchers
using? Ans✓✓✓ nonequivalent control group interrupted time-series design
A drought in California created the opportunity for a quasi-experiment on the
effectiveness of fines on water conservation (Agras et al., 1980). Three
comparable California cities were considered: two that instituted fines at different
times and a third that did not institute fines. Water consumption data for the
three years before the onset of the fines was used as baseline and subsequent
consumption data was gathered through the end of the drought. Effectiveness of
fines was assessed by examining consumption the following month. With regard
to the monitoring of water consumption, what type of design was this? Ans✓✓✓
multiple baseline
A drought in California created the opportunity for a quasi-experiment on the
effectiveness of fines on water conservation (Agras et al., 1980). Three
comparable cities were considered: two that instituted fines at different times
and a third that did not. Water consumption data for the three years before the
onset of the fines was used as baseline and subsequent consumption data was
gathered through the end of the drought. Effectiveness of fines was assessed by
examining consumption the following month. In this study, researchers
capitalized on real-life opportunities to study phenomena. Therefore, they
maximized which type of validity? Ans✓✓✓ external
A psychologist is working with the parents of four children who exhibit violent
behaviors toward each other. The parents have been instructed to record the
number of these behaviors each child exhibits in the pre-dinner hour for one
week. The parents then begin using a positive reinforcement technique to shape
the behavior of the youngest child, while continuing to record. The recording
continues and the technique is used on one additional child each week. By the
answers
__________ is a simple study that uses a separate group of participants that is
generally completed before conducting the study of primary interest in order to
confirm the effectiveness of a manipulation Ans✓✓✓ A pilot study
___________ are the means for each level of an independent variable, averaging
over levels of the other independent variable Ans✓✓✓ marginal means
___________ is an extra dependent variable that can be used to help researchers
quantify how well an experimental manipulation worked Ans✓✓✓ A
manipulation check
1. examined the effects of price, attractiveness, and consumer on the perceived
tastiness and expensiveness of a dish of fried rice. The study was a 2 × 2 × 2
design that varied price (inexpensive or expensive), picture (attractive or
unattractive), and consumer (self or classmate) in a between-subjects design.
What is the dependent variable? Ans✓✓✓ tastiness and expensiveness
1. Koordeman et al. (2011) conducted a study on the effect of alcohol
commercials on alcohol consumption in a movie theater. Participants saw one of
two types of beverage commercials: alcoholic or nonalcoholic. Their consumption
of alcohol during the movie was then measured. Finally, they completed a
questionnaire on their usual drinking habits. Koordeman et al. found that young
adults who generally consume large amounts of alcohol each week were
influenced to drink more alcohol when they saw alcohol commercials, whereas
the alcohol consumption of young adults who generally consume small amounts
of alcohol each week was not influenced by the type of commercial shown. Which
of the following is a factor in this study? Ans✓✓✓ type of commercial shown
,1. When authors of a research article are describing just the results of a factorial
study, which of these terms would you NOT expect to see?
a. interaction effect
b. main effect
c. correlation
d. significant Ans✓✓✓ correlation
1. Which of the following does NOT contribute to within-groups variability?
a. individual differences
b. situation noise
c. measurement error
d. ceiling effect Ans✓✓✓ ceiling effect
1. Which of the following is NOT a problem that may contribute to a null effect in
a study?
,a. large sample size
b. design confound acting in reverse
c. insensitive measures
d. weak manipulations Ans✓✓✓ large sample size
6 sources of carry over effects Ans✓✓✓ Learned, Fatique, Habitation (repeats
cause less response), Sensitization (exposure causes stronger response), Contrast
(comparison to other treatments), Adaptation (physiological changes s/a eyes
adjust to light)
A _______ design is one in which there are two or more independent variables.
Ans✓✓✓ factorial
A city in California has asked Professor Rodriguez to conduct an experiment on
earthquake preparedness. Professor Rodriguez will assess the preparedness of a
random sample of residents in the city and the city will mail out their annual
brochure on earthquake safety. Then, two weeks later, he will again assess the
preparedness of those residents. Right after the brochures are mailed, a large
earthquake is reported in Japan. What threat to internal validity does this pose?
Ans✓✓✓ history
A company that owned several hospitals in rural areas of the south went bankrupt
and closed the hospitals it operated over a period of a couple of months.
Researchers became aware of this situation and used public health records to
document average age at death of residents in those communities where the
hospitals closed and in communities that were matched on several variables but
, did not lose their hospitals. The researchers collected death records for several
years before and after the closure of these hospitals to look at the effect the
closure had on life expectancy. What kind of research design are the researchers
using? Ans✓✓✓ nonequivalent control group interrupted time-series design
A drought in California created the opportunity for a quasi-experiment on the
effectiveness of fines on water conservation (Agras et al., 1980). Three
comparable California cities were considered: two that instituted fines at different
times and a third that did not institute fines. Water consumption data for the
three years before the onset of the fines was used as baseline and subsequent
consumption data was gathered through the end of the drought. Effectiveness of
fines was assessed by examining consumption the following month. With regard
to the monitoring of water consumption, what type of design was this? Ans✓✓✓
multiple baseline
A drought in California created the opportunity for a quasi-experiment on the
effectiveness of fines on water conservation (Agras et al., 1980). Three
comparable cities were considered: two that instituted fines at different times
and a third that did not. Water consumption data for the three years before the
onset of the fines was used as baseline and subsequent consumption data was
gathered through the end of the drought. Effectiveness of fines was assessed by
examining consumption the following month. In this study, researchers
capitalized on real-life opportunities to study phenomena. Therefore, they
maximized which type of validity? Ans✓✓✓ external
A psychologist is working with the parents of four children who exhibit violent
behaviors toward each other. The parents have been instructed to record the
number of these behaviors each child exhibits in the pre-dinner hour for one
week. The parents then begin using a positive reinforcement technique to shape
the behavior of the youngest child, while continuing to record. The recording
continues and the technique is used on one additional child each week. By the
