PROBABILITY NOTES (DETAILED & EXPLAINED)
Probability is a fundamental concept in mathematics that deals with uncertainty. It helps us understand
the likelihood of different outcomes in real-life situations like gambling, weather predictions, stock
markets, and medical testing.
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1. Introduction to Probability
What is Probability?
Probability is a measure of how likely an event is to happen. It is expressed as a number between 0
(impossible) and 1 (certain).
If , the event A can never happen.
If , the event A will definitely happen.
If , the event A has a 50% chance of occurring.
Basic Probability Formula
P(A) = \frac{\text{Number of favorable outcomes}}{\text{Total number of possible outcomes}}
Example 1: Coin Toss
When flipping a fair coin, there are two possible outcomes: Heads (H) or Tails (T). The probability of
getting Heads is:
P(H) = \frac{1}{2} = 0.5 \quad \text{(or 50%)}
Example 2: Rolling a Die
Probability is a fundamental concept in mathematics that deals with uncertainty. It helps us understand
the likelihood of different outcomes in real-life situations like gambling, weather predictions, stock
markets, and medical testing.
---
1. Introduction to Probability
What is Probability?
Probability is a measure of how likely an event is to happen. It is expressed as a number between 0
(impossible) and 1 (certain).
If , the event A can never happen.
If , the event A will definitely happen.
If , the event A has a 50% chance of occurring.
Basic Probability Formula
P(A) = \frac{\text{Number of favorable outcomes}}{\text{Total number of possible outcomes}}
Example 1: Coin Toss
When flipping a fair coin, there are two possible outcomes: Heads (H) or Tails (T). The probability of
getting Heads is:
P(H) = \frac{1}{2} = 0.5 \quad \text{(or 50%)}
Example 2: Rolling a Die
