ONS CHEMOTHERAPY IMMUNOTHERAPY CERTIFICATE EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ACCURATE ANSWERS 2024/2025 | VERIFIED
3 major phases of cell division: - ✔️✔️Interphase
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase: - ✔️✔️First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis: - ✔️✔️Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Innate immunity: - ✔️✔️Non-specific response, either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, macrophages)
Adaptive immunity: - ✔️✔️Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful. Memory immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory responses)
Define mutations - ✔️✔️Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
3 main goals of treatment: - ✔️✔️Cure
Control
Palliation
,Define neoadjuvant therapy - ✔️✔️Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor
Define adjuvant therapy - ✔️✔️Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower
the risk that the cancer reoccur
Define conditioning/preparative therapy - ✔️✔️Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell
transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies: - ✔️✔️Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
Define dose density - ✔️✔️Drug dose per unit of time
Define dose intensity - ✔️✔️Amount of drug delivered over time
How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? - ✔️✔️By comparing the dose that the patient
ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the standard regimen
How do alkylating agents work? - ✔️✔️By causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA
replication and causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - ✔️✔️1. Nitrogen mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating agents as they work
similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: - ✔️✔️Nitrogen mustards
Common alkylating agents: - ✔️✔️Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
Bendamustine (Treanda)
, Common platinum-based agents: - ✔️✔️Cisplatin (Platinol)
Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
What is unique about nitrosoureas agents? - ✔️✔️Able to cross the blood-brain barrier; can be effective
in treating some brain tumors
Common nitrosoureas agents: - ✔️✔️Carmustine (BiCNU)
Lomustine (CeeNu)
Streptozocin (Zanosar)
Hypersensitivity can occur with late doses of: - ✔️✔️Carboplatin
These agents are typically categorized as highly emetogenic: - ✔️✔️1. Alkylating agents
2. Nitrosoureas
Pre-administration labs for alkylating agents and nitrosoureas: - ✔️✔️BUN
Creatinine
CBC w/ diff
What is the medication Mesna used for? - ✔️✔️Bladder protectant with administration of
cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide
Instruct pts receiving ________ to avoid exposure to cold air and consuming cold fluids for 3-4 days
following treatment - ✔️✔️Oxaliplatin
How do antimetabolites function? - ✔️✔️By blocking DNA and RNA growth by interfering with enzymes
needed for normal cell metabolism
Antimetabolites work in the ___ phase. - ✔️✔️S
AND ACCURATE ANSWERS 2024/2025 | VERIFIED
3 major phases of cell division: - ✔️✔️Interphase
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase: - ✔️✔️First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis: - ✔️✔️Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Innate immunity: - ✔️✔️Non-specific response, either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, macrophages)
Adaptive immunity: - ✔️✔️Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful. Memory immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory responses)
Define mutations - ✔️✔️Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
3 main goals of treatment: - ✔️✔️Cure
Control
Palliation
,Define neoadjuvant therapy - ✔️✔️Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor
Define adjuvant therapy - ✔️✔️Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower
the risk that the cancer reoccur
Define conditioning/preparative therapy - ✔️✔️Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell
transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies: - ✔️✔️Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
Define dose density - ✔️✔️Drug dose per unit of time
Define dose intensity - ✔️✔️Amount of drug delivered over time
How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? - ✔️✔️By comparing the dose that the patient
ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the standard regimen
How do alkylating agents work? - ✔️✔️By causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA
replication and causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - ✔️✔️1. Nitrogen mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating agents as they work
similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: - ✔️✔️Nitrogen mustards
Common alkylating agents: - ✔️✔️Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
Bendamustine (Treanda)
, Common platinum-based agents: - ✔️✔️Cisplatin (Platinol)
Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
What is unique about nitrosoureas agents? - ✔️✔️Able to cross the blood-brain barrier; can be effective
in treating some brain tumors
Common nitrosoureas agents: - ✔️✔️Carmustine (BiCNU)
Lomustine (CeeNu)
Streptozocin (Zanosar)
Hypersensitivity can occur with late doses of: - ✔️✔️Carboplatin
These agents are typically categorized as highly emetogenic: - ✔️✔️1. Alkylating agents
2. Nitrosoureas
Pre-administration labs for alkylating agents and nitrosoureas: - ✔️✔️BUN
Creatinine
CBC w/ diff
What is the medication Mesna used for? - ✔️✔️Bladder protectant with administration of
cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide
Instruct pts receiving ________ to avoid exposure to cold air and consuming cold fluids for 3-4 days
following treatment - ✔️✔️Oxaliplatin
How do antimetabolites function? - ✔️✔️By blocking DNA and RNA growth by interfering with enzymes
needed for normal cell metabolism
Antimetabolites work in the ___ phase. - ✔️✔️S
