BIOL 1322 Chapter 4 Schiff 6th
Chapter 4
Body Basics
ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-39 AS YOU READ CHAPTER 4 in “Nutrition
for Healthy Living” textbook (Make your own notes too as you
read this Chapter).
4.1 Nutrition: Chemistry Foundation
LO: 2. Explain the difference between an acid and a base.
3. Explain the role of enzyme in many chemical reactions.
What are Acids and Bases?
1. What are acids?
SUBSTANCES THAT LOSE H+ WHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER
2. What are bases?
SUBSTANCES THAT REMOVE AND ACCEPT H+ WHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER
3. What is another word for basic? ALKALINE
4. What is a neutral solution?
PH OF 7 SAME NUMBER OF H+ AND OH-
5. List examples of acids:
GASTRIC JUICE, LEMON JUICE, VINEGAR, COLA, WINE, COFFEE, TOMATOS
6. List examples of bases:
BLOOD, BAKING SODA, AMMONIA, BLEACH, OVEN CLEANER, LIQUID DRAIN CLEANER
7. Use Fig. 4.5 for the following question -
a. List 5 food items that are acidic:
BLACK COFFEE, BANANAS, TOMATOES, LEMON JUICE, MILK
b. List 5 items that are basic:
EGG WHITE, MILK OF MAGNESIA, BLOOD, BLEACH, OVEN CLEANER
c. List 1 food item that is neutral:
Water
8. Of the food items in 7a above, list them from the least acidic to the most acidic:
6.3-6.6 PH milk, Black coffee 5.0 PH, banana 5.0 PH, tomato 4.0 PH, lemon juice 2.3 PH
9. Of the items in 7b above, list them from the most basic to the least basic:
Oven cleaner 13.4ph, bleach 12.5 ph, milk of magnesia 10ph, egg white 8ph, blood 7.4ph
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, BIOL 1322 Chapter 4 Schiff 6th
2
, BIOL 1322 Chapter 4 Schiff 6th
10. Chemists measure the amount (concentration) of hydrogen ions (pH) in a water
solution by using the pH scale. Describe the pH scale:
Measure the concentration of hydrogen irons in a solution.
11. True or False? Circle one.
-Your body must maintain its acid-base balance to function properly. a. True
-The pH of your blood ranges from 7.35-7.45. a. True
-The pH of your blood is basic. a. True
-The pH of your blood is acidic. b.False
What is a ChemicalReaction?
Enzymes
12. What is an enzyme?
MOLECULE (USUALLY PROTEIN) THAT CATALYZES A PARTICULAR CHEMICAL REACTION
13. True or False?
a. Enzymes do not become part of the products of a reaction. Answer: t
b. The name of most enzymes end with -ase. Answer: T
c. Most enzymes are proteins. Answer: t
d. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in our body. Answer: t
e. Each enzyme has a specific action. Answer: t
14. List conditions or factors that alter or damage an enzyme’s activity:
Environmental conditions including ph, temperature, and presence of certain vitamins and minerals.
4.3 The Digestive System
LO: 1. Identify major organs of the digestive system, and describe primary functions of
each organ.
2. Identify the accessory organs of the digestive system and the roles these organs
play in digestion.
3
Chapter 4
Body Basics
ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-39 AS YOU READ CHAPTER 4 in “Nutrition
for Healthy Living” textbook (Make your own notes too as you
read this Chapter).
4.1 Nutrition: Chemistry Foundation
LO: 2. Explain the difference between an acid and a base.
3. Explain the role of enzyme in many chemical reactions.
What are Acids and Bases?
1. What are acids?
SUBSTANCES THAT LOSE H+ WHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER
2. What are bases?
SUBSTANCES THAT REMOVE AND ACCEPT H+ WHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER
3. What is another word for basic? ALKALINE
4. What is a neutral solution?
PH OF 7 SAME NUMBER OF H+ AND OH-
5. List examples of acids:
GASTRIC JUICE, LEMON JUICE, VINEGAR, COLA, WINE, COFFEE, TOMATOS
6. List examples of bases:
BLOOD, BAKING SODA, AMMONIA, BLEACH, OVEN CLEANER, LIQUID DRAIN CLEANER
7. Use Fig. 4.5 for the following question -
a. List 5 food items that are acidic:
BLACK COFFEE, BANANAS, TOMATOES, LEMON JUICE, MILK
b. List 5 items that are basic:
EGG WHITE, MILK OF MAGNESIA, BLOOD, BLEACH, OVEN CLEANER
c. List 1 food item that is neutral:
Water
8. Of the food items in 7a above, list them from the least acidic to the most acidic:
6.3-6.6 PH milk, Black coffee 5.0 PH, banana 5.0 PH, tomato 4.0 PH, lemon juice 2.3 PH
9. Of the items in 7b above, list them from the most basic to the least basic:
Oven cleaner 13.4ph, bleach 12.5 ph, milk of magnesia 10ph, egg white 8ph, blood 7.4ph
1
, BIOL 1322 Chapter 4 Schiff 6th
2
, BIOL 1322 Chapter 4 Schiff 6th
10. Chemists measure the amount (concentration) of hydrogen ions (pH) in a water
solution by using the pH scale. Describe the pH scale:
Measure the concentration of hydrogen irons in a solution.
11. True or False? Circle one.
-Your body must maintain its acid-base balance to function properly. a. True
-The pH of your blood ranges from 7.35-7.45. a. True
-The pH of your blood is basic. a. True
-The pH of your blood is acidic. b.False
What is a ChemicalReaction?
Enzymes
12. What is an enzyme?
MOLECULE (USUALLY PROTEIN) THAT CATALYZES A PARTICULAR CHEMICAL REACTION
13. True or False?
a. Enzymes do not become part of the products of a reaction. Answer: t
b. The name of most enzymes end with -ase. Answer: T
c. Most enzymes are proteins. Answer: t
d. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in our body. Answer: t
e. Each enzyme has a specific action. Answer: t
14. List conditions or factors that alter or damage an enzyme’s activity:
Environmental conditions including ph, temperature, and presence of certain vitamins and minerals.
4.3 The Digestive System
LO: 1. Identify major organs of the digestive system, and describe primary functions of
each organ.
2. Identify the accessory organs of the digestive system and the roles these organs
play in digestion.
3
