BIO 182 (Biology) EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS RATED A ARIZONA
STATE UNIVERSITY.
The phenomenon whereby traits may evolve independently in unrelated
species because the
species are subject to similar selection pressures is known as _______
evolution.
convergent
Flies have only a single pair of functional wings, but their ancestors had
two pair of wings.
Thus, having two pairs of wings is a(n) _______ trait.
ancestral
Traits that are similar in different species for reasons other than a shared
common ancestor are
known as _______.
homoplasies
Modern horses have a single toe on each foot, although their ancestors
had feet with several
digits. The single toe is thus a(n) _______ trait.
derived
Gibbons are more distantly related to humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas
than the three are
related to one another. Thus, gibbons are considered to be a(n) _______ in
relation to the other
three.
outgroup
,When constructing phylogenetic trees, biologists often rely on the principle
of _______,
which states that the preferred phylogeny is the one that requires the
fewest homoplasies.
parsimony
The hypothesis that the rate at which a particular molecule evolved among
different species
is consistent enough to serve as a guide to evolutionary divergence is
known as the _______
hypothesis.
molecular clock
Our system of classification is derived from one developed by the
eighteenth-century
Swedish biologist _______.
Carolus Linnaeus
Tribolium castaneum is a beetle found in flour and other stored products.
Tribolium is the
name of the _______ to which this beetle belongs.
genus
Phyla are composed of _______, which in turn are composed of _______.
classes; orders
A taxon that includes the common ancestor and some, but not all, of its
descendants, is said
to be _______.
paraphyletic
The biological species concept defines a species as a group of
a. actually interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively
isolated from other such
groups.
, b. potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively
isolated from other such
groups.
c. actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are
reproductively isolated from
other such groups.
d. actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are
reproductively connected to
other such groups.
e. actually interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively
connected to other such
groups.
c. actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are
reproductively isolated from
other such groups.
Which of the following is not a condition expected to favor allopatric
speciation?
a. Continents drift apart and separate previously connected lineages.
b. A mountain range separates formerly connected populations.
c. Different environments on two sides of a barrier cause populations to
diverge.
d. The range of a species is separated by loss of intermediate habitat.
e. Tetraploid individuals arise in one part of the range of a species.
e. Tetraploid individuals arise in one part of the range of a species.
Finches speciated in the Galápagos Islands because
a. the Galápagos Islands are not far from the mainland.
b. the Galápagos Islands are thought to promote sympatric speciation in
birds.
c. hybridization across different island populations of finches led to high
levels of polyploidy.
d. the islands of the Galápagos archipelago are sufficiently isolated from
one another that there is
AND ANSWERS RATED A ARIZONA
STATE UNIVERSITY.
The phenomenon whereby traits may evolve independently in unrelated
species because the
species are subject to similar selection pressures is known as _______
evolution.
convergent
Flies have only a single pair of functional wings, but their ancestors had
two pair of wings.
Thus, having two pairs of wings is a(n) _______ trait.
ancestral
Traits that are similar in different species for reasons other than a shared
common ancestor are
known as _______.
homoplasies
Modern horses have a single toe on each foot, although their ancestors
had feet with several
digits. The single toe is thus a(n) _______ trait.
derived
Gibbons are more distantly related to humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas
than the three are
related to one another. Thus, gibbons are considered to be a(n) _______ in
relation to the other
three.
outgroup
,When constructing phylogenetic trees, biologists often rely on the principle
of _______,
which states that the preferred phylogeny is the one that requires the
fewest homoplasies.
parsimony
The hypothesis that the rate at which a particular molecule evolved among
different species
is consistent enough to serve as a guide to evolutionary divergence is
known as the _______
hypothesis.
molecular clock
Our system of classification is derived from one developed by the
eighteenth-century
Swedish biologist _______.
Carolus Linnaeus
Tribolium castaneum is a beetle found in flour and other stored products.
Tribolium is the
name of the _______ to which this beetle belongs.
genus
Phyla are composed of _______, which in turn are composed of _______.
classes; orders
A taxon that includes the common ancestor and some, but not all, of its
descendants, is said
to be _______.
paraphyletic
The biological species concept defines a species as a group of
a. actually interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively
isolated from other such
groups.
, b. potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively
isolated from other such
groups.
c. actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are
reproductively isolated from
other such groups.
d. actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are
reproductively connected to
other such groups.
e. actually interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively
connected to other such
groups.
c. actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are
reproductively isolated from
other such groups.
Which of the following is not a condition expected to favor allopatric
speciation?
a. Continents drift apart and separate previously connected lineages.
b. A mountain range separates formerly connected populations.
c. Different environments on two sides of a barrier cause populations to
diverge.
d. The range of a species is separated by loss of intermediate habitat.
e. Tetraploid individuals arise in one part of the range of a species.
e. Tetraploid individuals arise in one part of the range of a species.
Finches speciated in the Galápagos Islands because
a. the Galápagos Islands are not far from the mainland.
b. the Galápagos Islands are thought to promote sympatric speciation in
birds.
c. hybridization across different island populations of finches led to high
levels of polyploidy.
d. the islands of the Galápagos archipelago are sufficiently isolated from
one another that there is
