Psychology 110 - Exam 1 study guide 2025
The .definition .of .psychology .- .ANS✓✓-
the .scientific .study .of .behavior .and .mental .processes
what .is .the .scientific .method .- .ANS✓✓-
the .most .objective .way .to .acquire .knowledge
what .are .the .4 .goals .of .psychology? .- .ANS✓✓-
1. .description .2. .explanation .3. .prediction .4. .influence
why .is .this .field .considered .a .science? .- .ANS✓✓-
Psychology .separated .itself .from .philosophy .when .researchers .started .began .u
sing .the .scientific .method .to .study .mental .processes .and .behavior.
what .is .basic .research? .- .ANS✓✓-pure
what .is .applied .research? .- .ANS✓✓-practical
who .was .Wilhelm .Wundt .- .ANS✓✓-
he .established .a .psychological .laboratory .at .Leipzig .in .Germany. .Also, .Wundt's .
vision .for .a .new .discipline .included .studies .of .social .and .cultural .influences .on
.human .thought.
what .is .structuralism? .- .ANS✓✓-
aimed .to .analyze .the .basic .elements, .or .the .structure, .or .conscience .mental .ex
periences. .Was .faded .out .fairly .quickly.
the .next .7 .slides .are .of .the .schools .of .thought .- .ANS✓✓-I'm .so .bored
, 1. .Behavioralism .- .ANS✓✓-"science .of .behavior" .founded .by .John .B. .Watson
behavior .is .observable .and .measurable .and, .therefore, .objective .and .scientific
2. .Psychoanalytic .- .ANS✓✓-founded .by .Sigmund .Freud
developed .a .school .of .thought .known .as .psychoanalysis .that .views .life .as .an .i
ceberg. .The .smallest .visible .part .of .the .of .the .iceberg .represents .the .conscious
.mental .state .while .the .larger, .underwater .part .of .the .iceberg .hides .the .unconsci
ous .desire .and .wishes
3. .humanistic .psychology .- .ANS✓✓-founded .by .Carl .Rogers .
focuses .on .human .uniqueness .and .their .capacity .for .growth, .choice, .and .psych
ological .health
4. .Cognitive .psychology .- .ANS✓✓-
sees .humans .as .active .participants .who .seek .out .experiences, .who .alter .and .s
hape .those .experiences, .and .who .use .mental .processes .to .transform .informatio
n .in .the .course .of .their .own .cognitive .development
5. .Executive .Psychology .- .ANS✓✓-
focuses .on .how .the .human .behaviors .required .for .survival .have .adapted .in .the .
face .of .environmental .pressures .over .the .long .course .of .evolution
6. .Biological .Psychologist .- .ANS✓✓-
They .study .the .structures .of .the .brain .and .central .nervous .system, .the .function
ing .of .neurons, .the .delicate .balance .of .neurotransmitters .and .hormones, .and .th
e .effects .of .heredity .to .look .for .links .between .these .biological .factors .and .beha
vior
7. .the .Sociocultural .approach .- .ANS✓✓-
The .sociocultural .approach .emphasizes .social .and .cultural .influences .on .huma
n .behavior .and .stresses .the .importance .of .understanding .those .influences .whe
n .interpreting .the .behavior .of .others
the .next .7 .slides .are .the .perspectives .and .emphasis .of .each .thought .of .psychol
ogy .- .ANS✓✓-help
1. .Behavior .- .ANS✓✓-
the .role .of .environment .in .shaping .and .controlling .behavior
The .definition .of .psychology .- .ANS✓✓-
the .scientific .study .of .behavior .and .mental .processes
what .is .the .scientific .method .- .ANS✓✓-
the .most .objective .way .to .acquire .knowledge
what .are .the .4 .goals .of .psychology? .- .ANS✓✓-
1. .description .2. .explanation .3. .prediction .4. .influence
why .is .this .field .considered .a .science? .- .ANS✓✓-
Psychology .separated .itself .from .philosophy .when .researchers .started .began .u
sing .the .scientific .method .to .study .mental .processes .and .behavior.
what .is .basic .research? .- .ANS✓✓-pure
what .is .applied .research? .- .ANS✓✓-practical
who .was .Wilhelm .Wundt .- .ANS✓✓-
he .established .a .psychological .laboratory .at .Leipzig .in .Germany. .Also, .Wundt's .
vision .for .a .new .discipline .included .studies .of .social .and .cultural .influences .on
.human .thought.
what .is .structuralism? .- .ANS✓✓-
aimed .to .analyze .the .basic .elements, .or .the .structure, .or .conscience .mental .ex
periences. .Was .faded .out .fairly .quickly.
the .next .7 .slides .are .of .the .schools .of .thought .- .ANS✓✓-I'm .so .bored
, 1. .Behavioralism .- .ANS✓✓-"science .of .behavior" .founded .by .John .B. .Watson
behavior .is .observable .and .measurable .and, .therefore, .objective .and .scientific
2. .Psychoanalytic .- .ANS✓✓-founded .by .Sigmund .Freud
developed .a .school .of .thought .known .as .psychoanalysis .that .views .life .as .an .i
ceberg. .The .smallest .visible .part .of .the .of .the .iceberg .represents .the .conscious
.mental .state .while .the .larger, .underwater .part .of .the .iceberg .hides .the .unconsci
ous .desire .and .wishes
3. .humanistic .psychology .- .ANS✓✓-founded .by .Carl .Rogers .
focuses .on .human .uniqueness .and .their .capacity .for .growth, .choice, .and .psych
ological .health
4. .Cognitive .psychology .- .ANS✓✓-
sees .humans .as .active .participants .who .seek .out .experiences, .who .alter .and .s
hape .those .experiences, .and .who .use .mental .processes .to .transform .informatio
n .in .the .course .of .their .own .cognitive .development
5. .Executive .Psychology .- .ANS✓✓-
focuses .on .how .the .human .behaviors .required .for .survival .have .adapted .in .the .
face .of .environmental .pressures .over .the .long .course .of .evolution
6. .Biological .Psychologist .- .ANS✓✓-
They .study .the .structures .of .the .brain .and .central .nervous .system, .the .function
ing .of .neurons, .the .delicate .balance .of .neurotransmitters .and .hormones, .and .th
e .effects .of .heredity .to .look .for .links .between .these .biological .factors .and .beha
vior
7. .the .Sociocultural .approach .- .ANS✓✓-
The .sociocultural .approach .emphasizes .social .and .cultural .influences .on .huma
n .behavior .and .stresses .the .importance .of .understanding .those .influences .whe
n .interpreting .the .behavior .of .others
the .next .7 .slides .are .the .perspectives .and .emphasis .of .each .thought .of .psychol
ogy .- .ANS✓✓-help
1. .Behavior .- .ANS✓✓-
the .role .of .environment .in .shaping .and .controlling .behavior
