PLTW BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE YEAR 2025/2026 GRADED A+
MOCK EXAM
Anaemia - A state where red blood cells are scarce in the blood, in haemoglobin, or in total volume.
Blood Plasma - The faint yellow liquid portion of whole blood that is made of water and its dissolved
constituents including, sugars, lipids, metabolic waste products, amino acids, hormones, and
vitamins.
Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) - Any of the haemoglobin-holding cells that bring oxygen to the tissues
and are responsible for the red colour of vertebrate blood.
Haematocrit - The percent of the volume of whole blood that is made of red blood cells as
determined by separation of red blood cells from the plasma usually by centrifugation.
Leukocytes (White Blood Cell) - Any of the blood cells that are colourless, lack haemoglobin, contain
a nucleus, and include the lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
Sickle Cell Disease - Individuals who are homozygous for the gene controlling haemoglobin S. The
disease is characterized by the destruction of red blood cells and by episodic blocking of blood
vessels by the adherence of sickle cells to the vascular endothelium.
Thrombocytes (Platelets) - A minute colourless anucleate disklike body of mammalian blood that
assists in blood clotting by adhering to other platelets and to damaged epithelium.
Amino Acid - An organic monomer which serves a purpose as a building block for proteins.
Anticodon - A set of three nucleotide bases in transfer RNA that identifies the amino acid carried and
binds to a complementary codon in messenger RNA during protein synthesis at a ribosome.
Codon - A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that identifies a certain amino acid or
termination signal, the basic unit of the genetic code.
Hydrophilic - Having an affinity for water.
MOCK EXAM
Anaemia - A state where red blood cells are scarce in the blood, in haemoglobin, or in total volume.
Blood Plasma - The faint yellow liquid portion of whole blood that is made of water and its dissolved
constituents including, sugars, lipids, metabolic waste products, amino acids, hormones, and
vitamins.
Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) - Any of the haemoglobin-holding cells that bring oxygen to the tissues
and are responsible for the red colour of vertebrate blood.
Haematocrit - The percent of the volume of whole blood that is made of red blood cells as
determined by separation of red blood cells from the plasma usually by centrifugation.
Leukocytes (White Blood Cell) - Any of the blood cells that are colourless, lack haemoglobin, contain
a nucleus, and include the lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
Sickle Cell Disease - Individuals who are homozygous for the gene controlling haemoglobin S. The
disease is characterized by the destruction of red blood cells and by episodic blocking of blood
vessels by the adherence of sickle cells to the vascular endothelium.
Thrombocytes (Platelets) - A minute colourless anucleate disklike body of mammalian blood that
assists in blood clotting by adhering to other platelets and to damaged epithelium.
Amino Acid - An organic monomer which serves a purpose as a building block for proteins.
Anticodon - A set of three nucleotide bases in transfer RNA that identifies the amino acid carried and
binds to a complementary codon in messenger RNA during protein synthesis at a ribosome.
Codon - A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that identifies a certain amino acid or
termination signal, the basic unit of the genetic code.
Hydrophilic - Having an affinity for water.
