LAST FINAL EVER (NU 665D Exam III) Questions With
Complete Solutions
2013 American College of Cardiology/AHA Classification of
HF Correct Answers -Stage A: At risk for HF w/o structural
heart disease or sxs of HF
-Stage B: Structural heart disease but w/o sxs of HF
-Stage C: Structural heart disease w/prior or current HF sxs
-Stage D: Refractory HF exacerbations requiring specialized
interventions
A. Fib Associated Cardiac Conditions Correct Answers -HTN
-CHF
-CAD
-Rheumatic valvular disease
-Atrial and ventricular dilation or hypertrophy
-Congential heart disease
A. Fib Associated Non-Cardiac Conditions Correct Answers -
Thyroid disease
-ETOH and caffeine abuse
-Pulmonary HTN
-COPD, OSA
-Infections
-Family/genetics (rare cases)
A.Fib Patient Evaluation Correct Answers -PE: Heart sounds
-EKG- LA dilation?
-TFTs: should be done during initial discovery/change in
condition (e.g. difficult to control rate)
-Electrolytes with Magnesium
,-BUN/Creatinine (helpful when trying to decide if AAD or
OAC)
-Echocardiogram: valvular disease or reduced LVEF
-Ambulatory monitoring: Holter
Ablation Procedure Correct Answers -Pulmonary vein Isolation
(LA)
-Radiofreq. ablation
-Not curative, but sign. reduces the amount of A. Fib
-General anesthesia, groin access
-Generally reserved for pts who have failed at least one attempt
at DC cardioversion, 1 or 2 antiarrhythmic agents
Abortion Correct Answers Legalized in USA 1973
-1st Trimester: woman and MD
-2nd Trimester: State can choose to regulate procedure in ways
that are r/t woman's health
Risks: Infection, hemorrhage, blood clot, cervical/uterine
damage, continuation of pregnancy, death
-Needs 2wk f/u post-termination
Abstinence Correct Answers Cost: zero
Failure Rates: 0%
-Encourage patient empowerment!
Acanthosis Nigrans Correct Answers -Dark, velvety
discoloration
-Obesity, DM
-Usually on folds of neck
,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Correct
Answers Final stage of HIV infection in which the immune
system is weakened to the point that it is difficult to fight off
infections
Actinic Keratosis Correct Answers Pre-cancerous
-Size and shape variable
-Pink-red base
-Rough/gritty keratotic surface
-Macule or papule
-Areas w/most sun exposure (head, neck, hands)
-10-20% risk of actinic keratosis turning into Squamous Cell
Carcinoma
-Multiple treatment modalities including LN2, curettage, topical
chemotherapy (5-FU) or immunotherapy- imiquimod
Acute A. Fib Correct Answers New onset OR first episode of
A. Fib
Acute Retroviral Syndrome Correct Answers -Acute
flu-like/mon0-like illness usually ~2-4weeks after initial
infection w/sxs lasting 3-14days
-EIA negative during 3-4week window after infection
-HIV RNA PCR positive ~10-15days after infection
-Assoc. w/temporary CD4+ decline
-High infectivity rate during acute phase
-Occurs in 50-80% of pts
-Fever, rash, swollen lymphs glands
-Sxs result from immune response to extremely high levels of
viremia for duration of a few weeks
, -Primary infection resolves as body mount HIV-specific
adaptive immune response: Cell-mediated response (CTL)
followed by hunoral; pt enters "clinical latency"
Adjuvant Therapy for Endometrial Cancer Correct Answers -
Surgery
-Radiation: Vaginal brachytherapy: less morbidity than whole
pelvic radiation, less risk damage to surrounding organs (bowel,
bladder), usually at least 3 doses, reduces risk of vaginal cuff
recurrance w/o effect on overall survival; Whole Pelvic
Radiation: once disease reaches stage IC, daily usually x5weeks
-Chemo: Advanced disease and/or aggressive histology;
Paclitaxal &Carboplatin is 1st line, usually followed by XRT
(Stage III-IV)
AHA Definition of HF Correct Answers -HF with reduced EF:
EF</= 40% (HFrEF)
-HF with preserved EF: EF >/= 50% (HFpEF)
-Borderline HFpEF, EF 41-49%
AHA Guidelines for HF Correct Answers -Continuously
address risk factors (HTN, lipids, obesity, DM, tobacco)
-Mortality benefit from using guideline-directed medical therapy
-Anticoagulation should not be used in pts w/chronic HFrEF
w/no risk factors
-Aim for control of systolic and diastolic BPs, as well as volume
stats, to tx HFrEF
-HF education, dietary restrictions, exercise training
-HF multidisciplinary team including palliative care should be
provided involved when tx-ing pts w/advanced HF
Complete Solutions
2013 American College of Cardiology/AHA Classification of
HF Correct Answers -Stage A: At risk for HF w/o structural
heart disease or sxs of HF
-Stage B: Structural heart disease but w/o sxs of HF
-Stage C: Structural heart disease w/prior or current HF sxs
-Stage D: Refractory HF exacerbations requiring specialized
interventions
A. Fib Associated Cardiac Conditions Correct Answers -HTN
-CHF
-CAD
-Rheumatic valvular disease
-Atrial and ventricular dilation or hypertrophy
-Congential heart disease
A. Fib Associated Non-Cardiac Conditions Correct Answers -
Thyroid disease
-ETOH and caffeine abuse
-Pulmonary HTN
-COPD, OSA
-Infections
-Family/genetics (rare cases)
A.Fib Patient Evaluation Correct Answers -PE: Heart sounds
-EKG- LA dilation?
-TFTs: should be done during initial discovery/change in
condition (e.g. difficult to control rate)
-Electrolytes with Magnesium
,-BUN/Creatinine (helpful when trying to decide if AAD or
OAC)
-Echocardiogram: valvular disease or reduced LVEF
-Ambulatory monitoring: Holter
Ablation Procedure Correct Answers -Pulmonary vein Isolation
(LA)
-Radiofreq. ablation
-Not curative, but sign. reduces the amount of A. Fib
-General anesthesia, groin access
-Generally reserved for pts who have failed at least one attempt
at DC cardioversion, 1 or 2 antiarrhythmic agents
Abortion Correct Answers Legalized in USA 1973
-1st Trimester: woman and MD
-2nd Trimester: State can choose to regulate procedure in ways
that are r/t woman's health
Risks: Infection, hemorrhage, blood clot, cervical/uterine
damage, continuation of pregnancy, death
-Needs 2wk f/u post-termination
Abstinence Correct Answers Cost: zero
Failure Rates: 0%
-Encourage patient empowerment!
Acanthosis Nigrans Correct Answers -Dark, velvety
discoloration
-Obesity, DM
-Usually on folds of neck
,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Correct
Answers Final stage of HIV infection in which the immune
system is weakened to the point that it is difficult to fight off
infections
Actinic Keratosis Correct Answers Pre-cancerous
-Size and shape variable
-Pink-red base
-Rough/gritty keratotic surface
-Macule or papule
-Areas w/most sun exposure (head, neck, hands)
-10-20% risk of actinic keratosis turning into Squamous Cell
Carcinoma
-Multiple treatment modalities including LN2, curettage, topical
chemotherapy (5-FU) or immunotherapy- imiquimod
Acute A. Fib Correct Answers New onset OR first episode of
A. Fib
Acute Retroviral Syndrome Correct Answers -Acute
flu-like/mon0-like illness usually ~2-4weeks after initial
infection w/sxs lasting 3-14days
-EIA negative during 3-4week window after infection
-HIV RNA PCR positive ~10-15days after infection
-Assoc. w/temporary CD4+ decline
-High infectivity rate during acute phase
-Occurs in 50-80% of pts
-Fever, rash, swollen lymphs glands
-Sxs result from immune response to extremely high levels of
viremia for duration of a few weeks
, -Primary infection resolves as body mount HIV-specific
adaptive immune response: Cell-mediated response (CTL)
followed by hunoral; pt enters "clinical latency"
Adjuvant Therapy for Endometrial Cancer Correct Answers -
Surgery
-Radiation: Vaginal brachytherapy: less morbidity than whole
pelvic radiation, less risk damage to surrounding organs (bowel,
bladder), usually at least 3 doses, reduces risk of vaginal cuff
recurrance w/o effect on overall survival; Whole Pelvic
Radiation: once disease reaches stage IC, daily usually x5weeks
-Chemo: Advanced disease and/or aggressive histology;
Paclitaxal &Carboplatin is 1st line, usually followed by XRT
(Stage III-IV)
AHA Definition of HF Correct Answers -HF with reduced EF:
EF</= 40% (HFrEF)
-HF with preserved EF: EF >/= 50% (HFpEF)
-Borderline HFpEF, EF 41-49%
AHA Guidelines for HF Correct Answers -Continuously
address risk factors (HTN, lipids, obesity, DM, tobacco)
-Mortality benefit from using guideline-directed medical therapy
-Anticoagulation should not be used in pts w/chronic HFrEF
w/no risk factors
-Aim for control of systolic and diastolic BPs, as well as volume
stats, to tx HFrEF
-HF education, dietary restrictions, exercise training
-HF multidisciplinary team including palliative care should be
provided involved when tx-ing pts w/advanced HF
