NUR 529 Exam 2
3 stages of hemostasis - answer1. vascular constriction
2. formation of platelet plug
3. blood coagulation
Bleeding associated with platelet disorders reflects: - answer decrease in platelet
number because of:
1. decreased production (bone marrow dysfunction)
2. increased destruction (thrombocytopenia)
3. impaired function of platelets (thrombocytopathia)
Spontaneous bleeding from platelet disorders often involve - answersmall vessels of
mucus membranes and skin:
mucus membranes of nose, mouth, GI tract, and uterine cavity
petechiae is seen exclusively with - answerconditions of platelet deficiency
**not platelet dysfunction
thrombocytopenia - answerPlatelet < 150,000
can result from:
1. decrease in platelet production
2. increased sequestration of platelets in spleen
3. decreased platelet survival
Four primary causes of anemia - answer1. excessive loss of RBC from bleeding
2. destruction (hemolysis) of RBC
3. Defective RBC production
4. Inadequate RBC production because of bone marrow failure
characteristics of RBC in iron deficiency anemia - answermicrocytic and hypochromic
characteristics of RBC in megablastic anemai - answermacrocytic and misshaped
characteristics of RBC in sickle cell disease - answerabnormally shaped
blood loss anemia is characterized by - answerloss of iron containing blood cells in body
hemolytic anemia is characterized by - answerdestruction of RBC in the body with iron
being retained
Reason for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in adults - answerinadequate iron available for
recycling:
, -men/postmenopausal women: GI bleed from peptic ulcer, vascular lesions, intestinal
polyps, hemorrhoids, or cancer
-women childbearing age: menstruation
-pregnant women: fetal development increases iron requirements for erythropoiesis
Reason for IDA in children - answerblood volume increases with greater need for iron
(proportionally higher in infancy between 3-24 months):
low iron levels at birth because of maternal deficiency and a diet consisting mainly of
cow's milk (low in absorbable iron)
Clinical Course of Infectious Mononucleosis - answer-onset is insidious
-incubation period (from exposure to the development of symptoms) 4-6 weeks
-prodromal period (early stage/symptom presentation) lasts for several days and
characterized by malaise, anorexia, and chills--> precedes onset of fever, pharyngitis,
and lymphadenopathy
-acute phase lasts 2-3 weeks with recovery occurring rapidly
-debility and lethargy may persist for 2-3 months
most common complication of infectious mononucleosis - answersplenomegaly (50-
60% cases)
spleen enlarged 2-3 times normal size
rupture is rare; educate to avoid contact sports
diagnosing infectious mononucleosis - answermonospot testing for heterophile
antibodies (hallmark)
IgM and IgG increased early in disease
Manifestations of Hodgkin's Lymphoma - answer-painless enlargement of single node
or group of nodes (typically at level of diaphragm: neck, supraclavicular, axilla)
-mediastinal mass (c/o chest discomfort with cough or dyspnea)
-fever, chills, night sweats, and weight loss
-pruritus and intermittent night fevers
Diagnosis of Hodgkin's Lymphoma - answerReed-Sternberg cells present in biopsy of
lymph tissue
-bipedal lymphangiogram detects structural changes of lymph nodes too small to see on
CT
-bilateral bone marrow biopsy performed on patient's suspected of disseminated
diseases
Treatment of Hodgkin's Lymphoma - answerlocalized disease is treated with radiation
advanced disease may use combined approach of radiation, chemotherapy, and
biotherapy
3 stages of hemostasis - answer1. vascular constriction
2. formation of platelet plug
3. blood coagulation
Bleeding associated with platelet disorders reflects: - answer decrease in platelet
number because of:
1. decreased production (bone marrow dysfunction)
2. increased destruction (thrombocytopenia)
3. impaired function of platelets (thrombocytopathia)
Spontaneous bleeding from platelet disorders often involve - answersmall vessels of
mucus membranes and skin:
mucus membranes of nose, mouth, GI tract, and uterine cavity
petechiae is seen exclusively with - answerconditions of platelet deficiency
**not platelet dysfunction
thrombocytopenia - answerPlatelet < 150,000
can result from:
1. decrease in platelet production
2. increased sequestration of platelets in spleen
3. decreased platelet survival
Four primary causes of anemia - answer1. excessive loss of RBC from bleeding
2. destruction (hemolysis) of RBC
3. Defective RBC production
4. Inadequate RBC production because of bone marrow failure
characteristics of RBC in iron deficiency anemia - answermicrocytic and hypochromic
characteristics of RBC in megablastic anemai - answermacrocytic and misshaped
characteristics of RBC in sickle cell disease - answerabnormally shaped
blood loss anemia is characterized by - answerloss of iron containing blood cells in body
hemolytic anemia is characterized by - answerdestruction of RBC in the body with iron
being retained
Reason for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in adults - answerinadequate iron available for
recycling:
, -men/postmenopausal women: GI bleed from peptic ulcer, vascular lesions, intestinal
polyps, hemorrhoids, or cancer
-women childbearing age: menstruation
-pregnant women: fetal development increases iron requirements for erythropoiesis
Reason for IDA in children - answerblood volume increases with greater need for iron
(proportionally higher in infancy between 3-24 months):
low iron levels at birth because of maternal deficiency and a diet consisting mainly of
cow's milk (low in absorbable iron)
Clinical Course of Infectious Mononucleosis - answer-onset is insidious
-incubation period (from exposure to the development of symptoms) 4-6 weeks
-prodromal period (early stage/symptom presentation) lasts for several days and
characterized by malaise, anorexia, and chills--> precedes onset of fever, pharyngitis,
and lymphadenopathy
-acute phase lasts 2-3 weeks with recovery occurring rapidly
-debility and lethargy may persist for 2-3 months
most common complication of infectious mononucleosis - answersplenomegaly (50-
60% cases)
spleen enlarged 2-3 times normal size
rupture is rare; educate to avoid contact sports
diagnosing infectious mononucleosis - answermonospot testing for heterophile
antibodies (hallmark)
IgM and IgG increased early in disease
Manifestations of Hodgkin's Lymphoma - answer-painless enlargement of single node
or group of nodes (typically at level of diaphragm: neck, supraclavicular, axilla)
-mediastinal mass (c/o chest discomfort with cough or dyspnea)
-fever, chills, night sweats, and weight loss
-pruritus and intermittent night fevers
Diagnosis of Hodgkin's Lymphoma - answerReed-Sternberg cells present in biopsy of
lymph tissue
-bipedal lymphangiogram detects structural changes of lymph nodes too small to see on
CT
-bilateral bone marrow biopsy performed on patient's suspected of disseminated
diseases
Treatment of Hodgkin's Lymphoma - answerlocalized disease is treated with radiation
advanced disease may use combined approach of radiation, chemotherapy, and
biotherapy
