©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:43 PM.
NURS 2055: Inflammatory & Structural
Heart Disorders. Exam Questions With
Correct Answers 100% Verified.
3 layers of heart wall - Answer✔- endocardium: innermost layer and heart valves
- myocardium: muscle layer
- pericardium: sac that encloses the heart
Endocarditis - Answer✔inflammation INSIDE the heart
Why does endocarditis occur - Answer✔- pathogens enter the bloodstream and form
vegetative lesions, which enlarge and can disrupt blood flow
- heart valves cannot fully close
Endocarditis: causes - Answer✔infection (bacteria, viruses, or fungi)
Endocarditis: risk factors - Answer✔IV drug use, valve replacement/repair, valve disease, recent
dental procedures, invasive procedures, URT infections
Why can recent dental procedures cause endocarditis - Answer✔- 50% due to poor hygiene
- mouth is vascular and easier for bacteria to get to heart
Endocarditis: complications - Answer✔embolizations of vegetations can impact oxygen flow to
other organs (ex// spleen, lungs, kidney, or brain)
Pericarditis - Answer✔inflammation OUTSIDE the heart (scaring and fibrosis)
Why does pericarditis occur - Answer✔heart gets compressed & cardiac function is restricted
Pericarditis: causes - Answer✔- infection (bacteria, viruses, TB)
- myocardial and pericardial injury
- connective tissue diseases
- autoimmune disorders
1|Page
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:43 PM.
Pericarditis: risk factors - Answer✔end stage renal disease, uraemia, trauma, surgery, or recent
infection
Pericarditis: complications - Answer✔- pericardial effusion (fluid build up in the pericardial
cavity)
- cardiac tamponade (accumulation of fluid compresses the heart)
Osler's Node - Answer✔Painful
Janeway's lesions - Answer✔not painful
Cardiomyopathy - Answer✔- any change to the heart wall
- affects the structural or functional ability to the myocardium
What can cardiomyopathy lead to - Answer✔- cardiomegaly
- heart failure (can cause or lead to HF- depends on onset/cause)
Cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of... - Answer✔heart transplant
What are the two classifications of cardiomyopathy - Answer✔primary and secondary
Primary (cardiomyopathy) - Answer✔- the cause of heart disease is unknown
- heart muscle is the only portion involved
Secondary (cardiomyopathy) - Answer✔- the cause of heart disease is known
- occurs because of another disease or process
- three different types: dilated, hypertrophy, restrictive
dilated (cardiomyopathy) - Answer✔characterized by a diffuse inflammation of myocardial
fibres
dilated (cardiomyopathy): causes - Answer✔cardiotoxic agents, CAD, hypertension, genes, MS,
pregnancy, valve disease
dilated (cardiomyopathy): clinical manifestations - Answer✔fatigue & weakness, palpitations,
dyspnea, cardiomegaly: moderate or marked
dilated (cardiomyopathy): cardiac output - Answer✔decreased
hypertrophic (cardiomyopathy) - Answer✔asymmetrical left ventricular hypertrophy w/o
ventricular dilation
hypertrophic (cardiomyopathy): causes - Answer✔aortic stenosis, genetic, HTN
2|Page
NURS 2055: Inflammatory & Structural
Heart Disorders. Exam Questions With
Correct Answers 100% Verified.
3 layers of heart wall - Answer✔- endocardium: innermost layer and heart valves
- myocardium: muscle layer
- pericardium: sac that encloses the heart
Endocarditis - Answer✔inflammation INSIDE the heart
Why does endocarditis occur - Answer✔- pathogens enter the bloodstream and form
vegetative lesions, which enlarge and can disrupt blood flow
- heart valves cannot fully close
Endocarditis: causes - Answer✔infection (bacteria, viruses, or fungi)
Endocarditis: risk factors - Answer✔IV drug use, valve replacement/repair, valve disease, recent
dental procedures, invasive procedures, URT infections
Why can recent dental procedures cause endocarditis - Answer✔- 50% due to poor hygiene
- mouth is vascular and easier for bacteria to get to heart
Endocarditis: complications - Answer✔embolizations of vegetations can impact oxygen flow to
other organs (ex// spleen, lungs, kidney, or brain)
Pericarditis - Answer✔inflammation OUTSIDE the heart (scaring and fibrosis)
Why does pericarditis occur - Answer✔heart gets compressed & cardiac function is restricted
Pericarditis: causes - Answer✔- infection (bacteria, viruses, TB)
- myocardial and pericardial injury
- connective tissue diseases
- autoimmune disorders
1|Page
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:43 PM.
Pericarditis: risk factors - Answer✔end stage renal disease, uraemia, trauma, surgery, or recent
infection
Pericarditis: complications - Answer✔- pericardial effusion (fluid build up in the pericardial
cavity)
- cardiac tamponade (accumulation of fluid compresses the heart)
Osler's Node - Answer✔Painful
Janeway's lesions - Answer✔not painful
Cardiomyopathy - Answer✔- any change to the heart wall
- affects the structural or functional ability to the myocardium
What can cardiomyopathy lead to - Answer✔- cardiomegaly
- heart failure (can cause or lead to HF- depends on onset/cause)
Cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of... - Answer✔heart transplant
What are the two classifications of cardiomyopathy - Answer✔primary and secondary
Primary (cardiomyopathy) - Answer✔- the cause of heart disease is unknown
- heart muscle is the only portion involved
Secondary (cardiomyopathy) - Answer✔- the cause of heart disease is known
- occurs because of another disease or process
- three different types: dilated, hypertrophy, restrictive
dilated (cardiomyopathy) - Answer✔characterized by a diffuse inflammation of myocardial
fibres
dilated (cardiomyopathy): causes - Answer✔cardiotoxic agents, CAD, hypertension, genes, MS,
pregnancy, valve disease
dilated (cardiomyopathy): clinical manifestations - Answer✔fatigue & weakness, palpitations,
dyspnea, cardiomegaly: moderate or marked
dilated (cardiomyopathy): cardiac output - Answer✔decreased
hypertrophic (cardiomyopathy) - Answer✔asymmetrical left ventricular hypertrophy w/o
ventricular dilation
hypertrophic (cardiomyopathy): causes - Answer✔aortic stenosis, genetic, HTN
2|Page
