NURS2502 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACTUAL EXAM 2025/2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
Parkland formula fluid calculation - 4 ML x WT KG x %TBSA BURNED = 24
hour fluid
24 hr requirement/2 = 1st 8 hr requirement
1st 8hr requirement/2 = 2nd & 3rd 8hr requirement
Clinical manifestations of Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal
necrolysis (TEN). - Conjunctivitis, itching, tenderness, fever, cough, sore
throat, headache, and pain.
Followed by rapid onset of rash and blisters involving most of the skin and
mucous membranes.
Clinical manifestations of pityriasis rosea - Scaly rash that sweeps outward
like the branches of a pine tree.
Adverse effects of external mechanical forces that contribute to the
development of pressure ulcers. - Pressure, shear, friction, moisture.
Common causes of autonomic dysreflexia - Occurs in persons with spinal
cord lesions above T6
Occurs after spinal shock has resolved and may occur years after the
injury.
Clinical manifestations of a Brown-Sequard spinal cord injury - Loss of
motor function, proprioception, and vibration sense on side of injury, loss of
pain and temperature opposite side of injury.
S/s of neurogenic shock - BP HR Cardiac Output decrease, venous
pooling, paralyzed portions of the body don't sweat.
Clinical manifestations immediately noted after complete spinal cord injury -
Loss of all motor and sensory function below the level of the injury
Bilateral external rotation of the legs
Loss of bowel and bladder function
May develop spinal or neurogenic shock
, Priority nursing diagnosis for a patient with a spinal cord injury. - ABCs
(Airway, Breathing, Circulation) and mobility
HIV Viral loads - High: greater than or equal to 100,000 copies/mL
Low: greater than or equal to 10,000 copies/mL.
Undetectable = less than 500 or 50 copies/mL, depending on the test used.
Response to antiretroviral medications - Used to decrease viral load.
Prevention of transmission of the HIV virus to the baby after birth. - Bottle
feeding instead of breastfeeding.
Role of reverse transcriptase - Assists to make a single viral DNA and it
copies itself to make a double-stranded viral DNA
Diagnostic criteria for AIDS - Screening tests detect HIV-specific antibodies
(up to 2 months before antibodies can be detected).
Progression monitored by CD4+ T cell counts.
Lab tests measuring viral activity (Assess disease progression, viral load).
Clinical manifestations of pneumonia in the elderly. - Altered LOC and
dehydration
Criteria for positive PPD test. - >5: w/pt's with HIV.
>10: healthcare workers, drug users, under served population
>15: general public
anything greater than test numbers is positive (good), negative is bad.
Lab findings in the patient with pneumonia. - Elevated WBCs
HAP vs CAP - HAP: after 48hrs of hospitalization
chronic lung disease, altered LOC, tubing, aspiration,
immunocompromised, ventilation
CAP: before 48hrs of hospitlization
chronic/coexisting condition, recent history of flu/virus infection, tobacco
and alcohol use
Common clinical manifestations of TB. - Night sweats
Fever
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
Parkland formula fluid calculation - 4 ML x WT KG x %TBSA BURNED = 24
hour fluid
24 hr requirement/2 = 1st 8 hr requirement
1st 8hr requirement/2 = 2nd & 3rd 8hr requirement
Clinical manifestations of Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal
necrolysis (TEN). - Conjunctivitis, itching, tenderness, fever, cough, sore
throat, headache, and pain.
Followed by rapid onset of rash and blisters involving most of the skin and
mucous membranes.
Clinical manifestations of pityriasis rosea - Scaly rash that sweeps outward
like the branches of a pine tree.
Adverse effects of external mechanical forces that contribute to the
development of pressure ulcers. - Pressure, shear, friction, moisture.
Common causes of autonomic dysreflexia - Occurs in persons with spinal
cord lesions above T6
Occurs after spinal shock has resolved and may occur years after the
injury.
Clinical manifestations of a Brown-Sequard spinal cord injury - Loss of
motor function, proprioception, and vibration sense on side of injury, loss of
pain and temperature opposite side of injury.
S/s of neurogenic shock - BP HR Cardiac Output decrease, venous
pooling, paralyzed portions of the body don't sweat.
Clinical manifestations immediately noted after complete spinal cord injury -
Loss of all motor and sensory function below the level of the injury
Bilateral external rotation of the legs
Loss of bowel and bladder function
May develop spinal or neurogenic shock
, Priority nursing diagnosis for a patient with a spinal cord injury. - ABCs
(Airway, Breathing, Circulation) and mobility
HIV Viral loads - High: greater than or equal to 100,000 copies/mL
Low: greater than or equal to 10,000 copies/mL.
Undetectable = less than 500 or 50 copies/mL, depending on the test used.
Response to antiretroviral medications - Used to decrease viral load.
Prevention of transmission of the HIV virus to the baby after birth. - Bottle
feeding instead of breastfeeding.
Role of reverse transcriptase - Assists to make a single viral DNA and it
copies itself to make a double-stranded viral DNA
Diagnostic criteria for AIDS - Screening tests detect HIV-specific antibodies
(up to 2 months before antibodies can be detected).
Progression monitored by CD4+ T cell counts.
Lab tests measuring viral activity (Assess disease progression, viral load).
Clinical manifestations of pneumonia in the elderly. - Altered LOC and
dehydration
Criteria for positive PPD test. - >5: w/pt's with HIV.
>10: healthcare workers, drug users, under served population
>15: general public
anything greater than test numbers is positive (good), negative is bad.
Lab findings in the patient with pneumonia. - Elevated WBCs
HAP vs CAP - HAP: after 48hrs of hospitalization
chronic lung disease, altered LOC, tubing, aspiration,
immunocompromised, ventilation
CAP: before 48hrs of hospitlization
chronic/coexisting condition, recent history of flu/virus infection, tobacco
and alcohol use
Common clinical manifestations of TB. - Night sweats
Fever
