NCTRC Study guide Exam Questions with Key
Marking Scheme Updated 2024/2025
Echolalia - correct answer Senseless repetition of a word or sentence spoken by
another person
Dyslexia - correct answer Impaired ability to in word recognition and reading
comprehension
Dyscalculia - correct answer Impaired ability in understanding, recognizing, copying,
and following numbers and sequences
Dysgraphia - correct answer Impaired ability to compose written text
Adaptive functioning - correct answer How effectively people cope with life demands
and meet standards of independence expected for their age, socio-cultural background,
and community setting
Atavism - correct answer A reappearance of a behavior or characteristic after a
period of absense
Atlantoaxial instability - correct answer The joint between the atlas and axis or C1-C2
of the spinal column; instability refers to abnormal mobility causes by lax ligaments and
muscles surrounding the joint
Dually diagnosed - correct answer A label used to describe the co-occurrence of two
primary dysfunctions
Functional deafness - correct answer The appearance of not hearing noises or
speech
,Functional skills - correct answer Skills used in daily routine tasks in an individual's
natural environment
Idioglossia - correct answer Pronunciation of words so that it appears the person is
speaking a "personal" language
Kinesthetic approach - correct answer Instructional method in which the client's limbs
are manipulated through an action by the TRS, so the client feels the sensation of
movement from the muscles and joints
Perinatal - correct answer Occurring from the 28th week or pregnancy through 28
days following birth
Perseveration - correct answer Uncontrollable repetition of a word, phrase, or
gesture
Postnatal - correct answer Occurring after birth, prior to age 18
Prenatal - correct answer Occurring or existing before birth
Psychometrist - correct answer A specialist who uses tests to measure mental and
psychological ability and functioning
Rh incompatibility - correct answer A condition in which the mother's blood is Rh
negative and that of the fetus is Rh positive, causing the mother to form antibodies that
affect the fetus. Result sin ID i the absence of immediate blood transfusions
Splinter skills - correct answer Skills that are part of a sequence yet can be
performed out of sequence
Tactile defensiveness - correct answer Discomfort caused by one's own touch or the
touch of others
,Custodial - correct answer A type of care that only meets the basic needs of the
patient/client
Humanistic - correct answer Outlook that stresses the importance of human
development, improved processes of human interaction, and the protection and
restoration of the natural environment
Milieu - correct answer An approach that recognizes the client's environment or
surroundings as an integral aspect of therapy
Wellness - correct answer A state of complete integration of the body, mind, and
spirit
Health - correct answer A state of complete physical, mental, social, psychological,
and spiritual well-being
American Therapeutic Recreation Association (ATRA) - correct answer An entity
founded in 1984 as in independent professional therapeutic recreation organization that
emphasizes the role of recreational therapy in health-care settings
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) - correct answer A law passed in 1990 that
provided persons with disabilities equal access to programs, services, and facilities
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) - correct answer The federal
health care regulatory agency that monitors standards of care for Medicare and
Medicaid programs. Formerly called the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA)
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO, The Joint
Commission) - correct answer One of several voluntary health-care regulatory
agencies that establishes and monitors standards of health care for hospitals and
community agencies
, National Therapeutic Recreation Society (NTRS) - correct answer A professional
therapeutic recreation organization founded in 1966 as a branch of the National
Recreation and Park Association (dissolved as a branch in 2010, now a Network within
NRPA)
Active response listening - correct answer The process of listening to and
understanding both the verbal and nonverbal communication of another person and
communicating such understanding to that person
Attending - correct answer Verbal and/or nonverbal behavior that indicates the helper
is responding to the client's needs
Attitude therapy - correct answer Form of behavior modification used with RO
involving measured responses to specific client behaviors
Autonomy - correct answer The client's ability to express his or her own freedom to
make choices
Brief treatment - correct answer Time-limited treatment that typically emphasizes
crisis intervention techniques with a goal of stabilizing and discharging a patient as
quickly as possible
Challenging - correct answer Communication skill in which genuineness and honesty
are employed to point out what is occurring and what the helper infers from the client's
feelings
Empower - correct answer Creating the proper psychosocial conditions that permit
and encourage personal growth and autonomy in others
Facilitation skills - correct answer Interpersonal skills that are used to develop
meaningful relationships with others
Marking Scheme Updated 2024/2025
Echolalia - correct answer Senseless repetition of a word or sentence spoken by
another person
Dyslexia - correct answer Impaired ability to in word recognition and reading
comprehension
Dyscalculia - correct answer Impaired ability in understanding, recognizing, copying,
and following numbers and sequences
Dysgraphia - correct answer Impaired ability to compose written text
Adaptive functioning - correct answer How effectively people cope with life demands
and meet standards of independence expected for their age, socio-cultural background,
and community setting
Atavism - correct answer A reappearance of a behavior or characteristic after a
period of absense
Atlantoaxial instability - correct answer The joint between the atlas and axis or C1-C2
of the spinal column; instability refers to abnormal mobility causes by lax ligaments and
muscles surrounding the joint
Dually diagnosed - correct answer A label used to describe the co-occurrence of two
primary dysfunctions
Functional deafness - correct answer The appearance of not hearing noises or
speech
,Functional skills - correct answer Skills used in daily routine tasks in an individual's
natural environment
Idioglossia - correct answer Pronunciation of words so that it appears the person is
speaking a "personal" language
Kinesthetic approach - correct answer Instructional method in which the client's limbs
are manipulated through an action by the TRS, so the client feels the sensation of
movement from the muscles and joints
Perinatal - correct answer Occurring from the 28th week or pregnancy through 28
days following birth
Perseveration - correct answer Uncontrollable repetition of a word, phrase, or
gesture
Postnatal - correct answer Occurring after birth, prior to age 18
Prenatal - correct answer Occurring or existing before birth
Psychometrist - correct answer A specialist who uses tests to measure mental and
psychological ability and functioning
Rh incompatibility - correct answer A condition in which the mother's blood is Rh
negative and that of the fetus is Rh positive, causing the mother to form antibodies that
affect the fetus. Result sin ID i the absence of immediate blood transfusions
Splinter skills - correct answer Skills that are part of a sequence yet can be
performed out of sequence
Tactile defensiveness - correct answer Discomfort caused by one's own touch or the
touch of others
,Custodial - correct answer A type of care that only meets the basic needs of the
patient/client
Humanistic - correct answer Outlook that stresses the importance of human
development, improved processes of human interaction, and the protection and
restoration of the natural environment
Milieu - correct answer An approach that recognizes the client's environment or
surroundings as an integral aspect of therapy
Wellness - correct answer A state of complete integration of the body, mind, and
spirit
Health - correct answer A state of complete physical, mental, social, psychological,
and spiritual well-being
American Therapeutic Recreation Association (ATRA) - correct answer An entity
founded in 1984 as in independent professional therapeutic recreation organization that
emphasizes the role of recreational therapy in health-care settings
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) - correct answer A law passed in 1990 that
provided persons with disabilities equal access to programs, services, and facilities
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) - correct answer The federal
health care regulatory agency that monitors standards of care for Medicare and
Medicaid programs. Formerly called the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA)
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO, The Joint
Commission) - correct answer One of several voluntary health-care regulatory
agencies that establishes and monitors standards of health care for hospitals and
community agencies
, National Therapeutic Recreation Society (NTRS) - correct answer A professional
therapeutic recreation organization founded in 1966 as a branch of the National
Recreation and Park Association (dissolved as a branch in 2010, now a Network within
NRPA)
Active response listening - correct answer The process of listening to and
understanding both the verbal and nonverbal communication of another person and
communicating such understanding to that person
Attending - correct answer Verbal and/or nonverbal behavior that indicates the helper
is responding to the client's needs
Attitude therapy - correct answer Form of behavior modification used with RO
involving measured responses to specific client behaviors
Autonomy - correct answer The client's ability to express his or her own freedom to
make choices
Brief treatment - correct answer Time-limited treatment that typically emphasizes
crisis intervention techniques with a goal of stabilizing and discharging a patient as
quickly as possible
Challenging - correct answer Communication skill in which genuineness and honesty
are employed to point out what is occurring and what the helper infers from the client's
feelings
Empower - correct answer Creating the proper psychosocial conditions that permit
and encourage personal growth and autonomy in others
Facilitation skills - correct answer Interpersonal skills that are used to develop
meaningful relationships with others
