UNDERSTANDING SPASTICITY AND MUSCLE TONE
MANAGEMENT GUIDE NOTES CURRENT VERSION
2025 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS
GRADED A+
Cogwheel Rigidity -Correct Answer- Jerky resistance during passive
movement.
Parkinson's Disease -Correct Answer- Condition associated with low
dopamine levels.
Motor Neuron Irritability -Correct Answer- Sensitivity of motor neurons
to stimuli.
Extensor Activation -Correct Answer- Immediate response to
nociceptive stimuli.
Flexor Withdrawal -Correct Answer- Withdrawal response from painful
stimuli.
Inhibitory Feedback Mechanism -Correct Answer- System regulating
muscle contraction and relaxation.
Rhythmic Movement -Correct Answer- Repetitive muscle contractions
in clonus.
Upper Motor Neuron -Correct Answer- Neurons that control lower
motor neurons.
Nociceptive Reflex -Correct Answer- Reflex triggered by painful
stimuli.
Joint Immobility -Correct Answer- Lack of movement in a joint.
, Muscle Tone -Correct Answer- Resistance of muscle to passive stretch.
Feedback Loop -Correct Answer- System that regulates muscle response
to stimuli.
Upper Motor Neurons -Correct Answer- Neurons originating in the brain
affecting motor control.
Dopaminergic Drive -Correct Answer- Neural signals mediated by
dopamine neurotransmission.
Basal Ganglia -Correct Answer- Brain structures involved in motor
control and movement regulation.
Cortical Circuits -Correct Answer- Neural pathways connecting the
cortex to motor functions.
Thalamus -Correct Answer- Brain region relaying motor and sensory
signals.
Substantia Nigra -Correct Answer- Brain area crucial for dopamine
production and motor control.
Muscle Weakness -Correct Answer- Inability to exert normal force by
muscles.
Cerebral Palsy -Correct Answer- Neurological disorder affecting
movement and muscle tone.
Hyporeflexia -Correct Answer- Decreased reflex action due to spinal
circuit issues.
Areflexia -Correct Answer- Absence of reflexes indicating peripheral
nerve problems.
MANAGEMENT GUIDE NOTES CURRENT VERSION
2025 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS
GRADED A+
Cogwheel Rigidity -Correct Answer- Jerky resistance during passive
movement.
Parkinson's Disease -Correct Answer- Condition associated with low
dopamine levels.
Motor Neuron Irritability -Correct Answer- Sensitivity of motor neurons
to stimuli.
Extensor Activation -Correct Answer- Immediate response to
nociceptive stimuli.
Flexor Withdrawal -Correct Answer- Withdrawal response from painful
stimuli.
Inhibitory Feedback Mechanism -Correct Answer- System regulating
muscle contraction and relaxation.
Rhythmic Movement -Correct Answer- Repetitive muscle contractions
in clonus.
Upper Motor Neuron -Correct Answer- Neurons that control lower
motor neurons.
Nociceptive Reflex -Correct Answer- Reflex triggered by painful
stimuli.
Joint Immobility -Correct Answer- Lack of movement in a joint.
, Muscle Tone -Correct Answer- Resistance of muscle to passive stretch.
Feedback Loop -Correct Answer- System that regulates muscle response
to stimuli.
Upper Motor Neurons -Correct Answer- Neurons originating in the brain
affecting motor control.
Dopaminergic Drive -Correct Answer- Neural signals mediated by
dopamine neurotransmission.
Basal Ganglia -Correct Answer- Brain structures involved in motor
control and movement regulation.
Cortical Circuits -Correct Answer- Neural pathways connecting the
cortex to motor functions.
Thalamus -Correct Answer- Brain region relaying motor and sensory
signals.
Substantia Nigra -Correct Answer- Brain area crucial for dopamine
production and motor control.
Muscle Weakness -Correct Answer- Inability to exert normal force by
muscles.
Cerebral Palsy -Correct Answer- Neurological disorder affecting
movement and muscle tone.
Hyporeflexia -Correct Answer- Decreased reflex action due to spinal
circuit issues.
Areflexia -Correct Answer- Absence of reflexes indicating peripheral
nerve problems.
