NBDHE Board Review || with 100% Errorless Solutions.
Meth mouth is characterized by: correct answers 1. rampant caries
2. burned mucosa
3. xerostomia
4. periodontal disease
5. severe attrition
Which part of the brain controls body temperature? correct answers hypothalamus
The thalamus is involved in correct answers sensory reception and regulation of motor functions
The cerebrum is correct answers the largest portion of the brain and controls all voluntary actions
of the body
The cerebellum is correct answers located at the base of the brain and is involved in the
coordination of voluntary motor movement, balance, and muscle tone.
Which anti-hypertensive drug works by reducing the water volume in the blood vessels? correct
answers Hydrochlorothiazide
Lisinopril (Zestril) correct answers ACE inhibitor, blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to
angiotensin II
Diazepam (Valium) correct answers Benzodiazepine, reduces anxiety by facilitating the action of
the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, naproxin (Aleve) correct answers NSAID, inhibits enzyme
cyclooxygenase, COX-1/COX-2
3 A's: Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-pyretic
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) correct answers thiazide diuretic, inhibits the resorption of sodium
from the distal tubule
Nifidipine (Procardia) correct answers Antihypertensive, Calcium Channel Blocker:
Inhibits the movement of calcium during the contraction of cardiac and vascular smooth muscles
Lovastatin (Mevacor) correct answers Anti-Hyperlipidemic: HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitor
Inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methyl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, an enzyme used for
biosynthesis of cholesterol. Lowers LDL and triglyceride concentrations and increases HDL.
Epinephrine correct answers stimulates both alpha and beta receptors and can raise blood
pressure and cause bronchodilation and vasoconstriction
Candesartan (Atacand) correct answers Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB),
Antihypertensive
,Codeine correct answers opioid analgesic that works by binding to and stimulating mu-, kappa-,
and delta- receptors in the CNS and spinal cord.
Nitroglycerin (Nitro-Bid) correct answers vasodilator that works by producing vascular smooth
muscle relaxation throughout the body. It is used to treat symptoms of angina.
A side effect of tetracycline is correct answers photo-sensitivity, may cause exaggerated sunburn
in patients exposed to sunligjt
A side effect of aspirin is correct answers - tinnitus, ringing in ears
- epigastric, GI issues
- increased bleeding
A side effect of metronidazole hydrochloride (HCl) (Flagyl) correct answers disulfiram-like
reaction with alcohol, Hangover like symptoms (nausea, vomiting, flushing, dizziness, throbbing
headache, chest and abdominal discomfort)
A side effect of Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) correct answers elevated blood pressure and heart
rate because it produces vasoconstriction
A side effect of Propranolol (Inderal) correct answers bronchoconstriction,
Remember: -olol is contraindicated in patients with asthma as it blocks beta-2 receptors.
A side effect of Acetaminophen (Tylenol) correct answers hepatotoxicity, liver damage
A side effect of Benzotropin (Cogentin) correct answers severe xerostomia
A side effect of Phenytoin (Dilantin) correct answers gingival hyperplasia, 50% of all chronic
users
A side effect of Diazepam (Valium) correct answers cognitive impairment
A side effect of Penicillin (Pen VK) correct answers drug hypersensitivity in 1 to 10 individuals
Which beverage should not be given with tetracycline correct answers milk contains calcium
which inhibit absorption
Aspirin should not be used in persons with correct answers ASTHMA: more likely to have a
hypersensitivity reaction
GOUT: may counteract uricosuric effects of probenecid
4 A's: Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-coagulant, Anti-pyretic are associated with which
drug? correct answers Aspirin
, Patients taking metronidazole hydrocholoride HCl (Flagyl) should be advised to avoid which
substance? correct answers Alcohol
Characteristic of an ideal local anesthetic: correct answers - reversible
- lack of systemic toxicity
- absence of local reactions
Statin drugs correct answers hyperlipidemia drugs that reduce cholesterol by blocking the
enzyme necessary for cholesterol production in the liver; HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor drugs
Second-generation antihistamines like loratadine (Claritin) are less sedating than their
predecessors in therapeutic because they correct answers do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier
What should you do after inhaler use? correct answers rinse with water, swish, and expectorate
after each inhalation to minimize: xerostomia, teeth staining, and taste alterations
EpiPen adult dosage correct answers 0.3 mg
EpiPen child dosage correct answers 0.15 mg
Anticholinergic effects, SANS (running in woods) correct answers Xerostomia = can't spit
Urinary retention = can't piss
Constipation = can't shit
Mydriasis, dilated, blurred vision = can't see
SANS creates what response? correct answers Fight or Flight
PANS creates what response? correct answers Rest and Digest
What are the agonists that mediate responses in the ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS in SANS?
correct answers epinephrine and norepinephrine
What is the neurotransmitter that mediates response and acts at the CHOLINERGIC
RECEPTORS in PANS correct answers acetylcholine
SANS, flight or flight, response results in correct answers - ACCELERATED heart rate and
respiration
- DILATEd bronchioles and pupils (mydriasis)
- REDUCEd digestion
- INCREASED perspiration and arterial blood pressure
PANS, rest and digest, response results in correct answers - CONSTRICTED pupils and bronchi
Meth mouth is characterized by: correct answers 1. rampant caries
2. burned mucosa
3. xerostomia
4. periodontal disease
5. severe attrition
Which part of the brain controls body temperature? correct answers hypothalamus
The thalamus is involved in correct answers sensory reception and regulation of motor functions
The cerebrum is correct answers the largest portion of the brain and controls all voluntary actions
of the body
The cerebellum is correct answers located at the base of the brain and is involved in the
coordination of voluntary motor movement, balance, and muscle tone.
Which anti-hypertensive drug works by reducing the water volume in the blood vessels? correct
answers Hydrochlorothiazide
Lisinopril (Zestril) correct answers ACE inhibitor, blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to
angiotensin II
Diazepam (Valium) correct answers Benzodiazepine, reduces anxiety by facilitating the action of
the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, naproxin (Aleve) correct answers NSAID, inhibits enzyme
cyclooxygenase, COX-1/COX-2
3 A's: Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-pyretic
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) correct answers thiazide diuretic, inhibits the resorption of sodium
from the distal tubule
Nifidipine (Procardia) correct answers Antihypertensive, Calcium Channel Blocker:
Inhibits the movement of calcium during the contraction of cardiac and vascular smooth muscles
Lovastatin (Mevacor) correct answers Anti-Hyperlipidemic: HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitor
Inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methyl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, an enzyme used for
biosynthesis of cholesterol. Lowers LDL and triglyceride concentrations and increases HDL.
Epinephrine correct answers stimulates both alpha and beta receptors and can raise blood
pressure and cause bronchodilation and vasoconstriction
Candesartan (Atacand) correct answers Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB),
Antihypertensive
,Codeine correct answers opioid analgesic that works by binding to and stimulating mu-, kappa-,
and delta- receptors in the CNS and spinal cord.
Nitroglycerin (Nitro-Bid) correct answers vasodilator that works by producing vascular smooth
muscle relaxation throughout the body. It is used to treat symptoms of angina.
A side effect of tetracycline is correct answers photo-sensitivity, may cause exaggerated sunburn
in patients exposed to sunligjt
A side effect of aspirin is correct answers - tinnitus, ringing in ears
- epigastric, GI issues
- increased bleeding
A side effect of metronidazole hydrochloride (HCl) (Flagyl) correct answers disulfiram-like
reaction with alcohol, Hangover like symptoms (nausea, vomiting, flushing, dizziness, throbbing
headache, chest and abdominal discomfort)
A side effect of Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) correct answers elevated blood pressure and heart
rate because it produces vasoconstriction
A side effect of Propranolol (Inderal) correct answers bronchoconstriction,
Remember: -olol is contraindicated in patients with asthma as it blocks beta-2 receptors.
A side effect of Acetaminophen (Tylenol) correct answers hepatotoxicity, liver damage
A side effect of Benzotropin (Cogentin) correct answers severe xerostomia
A side effect of Phenytoin (Dilantin) correct answers gingival hyperplasia, 50% of all chronic
users
A side effect of Diazepam (Valium) correct answers cognitive impairment
A side effect of Penicillin (Pen VK) correct answers drug hypersensitivity in 1 to 10 individuals
Which beverage should not be given with tetracycline correct answers milk contains calcium
which inhibit absorption
Aspirin should not be used in persons with correct answers ASTHMA: more likely to have a
hypersensitivity reaction
GOUT: may counteract uricosuric effects of probenecid
4 A's: Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-coagulant, Anti-pyretic are associated with which
drug? correct answers Aspirin
, Patients taking metronidazole hydrocholoride HCl (Flagyl) should be advised to avoid which
substance? correct answers Alcohol
Characteristic of an ideal local anesthetic: correct answers - reversible
- lack of systemic toxicity
- absence of local reactions
Statin drugs correct answers hyperlipidemia drugs that reduce cholesterol by blocking the
enzyme necessary for cholesterol production in the liver; HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor drugs
Second-generation antihistamines like loratadine (Claritin) are less sedating than their
predecessors in therapeutic because they correct answers do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier
What should you do after inhaler use? correct answers rinse with water, swish, and expectorate
after each inhalation to minimize: xerostomia, teeth staining, and taste alterations
EpiPen adult dosage correct answers 0.3 mg
EpiPen child dosage correct answers 0.15 mg
Anticholinergic effects, SANS (running in woods) correct answers Xerostomia = can't spit
Urinary retention = can't piss
Constipation = can't shit
Mydriasis, dilated, blurred vision = can't see
SANS creates what response? correct answers Fight or Flight
PANS creates what response? correct answers Rest and Digest
What are the agonists that mediate responses in the ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS in SANS?
correct answers epinephrine and norepinephrine
What is the neurotransmitter that mediates response and acts at the CHOLINERGIC
RECEPTORS in PANS correct answers acetylcholine
SANS, flight or flight, response results in correct answers - ACCELERATED heart rate and
respiration
- DILATEd bronchioles and pupils (mydriasis)
- REDUCEd digestion
- INCREASED perspiration and arterial blood pressure
PANS, rest and digest, response results in correct answers - CONSTRICTED pupils and bronchi
