FCCN level 1 Exam Solution Manual Fully Solved Latest Update 2025 Already Passed
minimum urine output for adult - Answers 0.5mL/kg/hr
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - Answers - water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
ADH pathway - Answers - hypothalamus senses low blood volumed and increased serum osmolality
- signal pituitary to release ADH
- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum osmolality
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) - Answers - cardiac hormone stored in atria
- released when atrial pressure increases
*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing intravascular volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
hydrostatic pressure - Answers - forces fluids and solutes through the capillary wall and into the tissue
spaces
colloid osmotic pressure - Answers - pulling force of albumin in the intravascular spaces
- pull fluid into vasculature
maintenance fluid therapy - Answers - replaces normal ongoing losses of water and electrolytes (urine,
sweat, respiration, stool)
,replacement therapy - Answers - corrects any existing water and or electrolyte deficits
isotonic fluids - Answers - tonicity equal to plasma in the body
- no fluid shifts because the solutions are equally concentrated
- LR
- NS
- D5W
hypotonic fluids - Answers - lower concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- fluid shifts into the cell to dilute the electrolytes (CELL SWELLS)
- 0.45NS
hypertonic fluid - Answers - higher concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- pulls fluid out of cells and into the vessels (CELL SHRINKS)
- D5 .45NS
- D5NS
- D5LR
- 3%, 7%, 23.4% NaCl
colloids - Answers - pull fluid into bloodstream
Albumin
- 5% is osmotically equal to plasma
- 25% draws 4 times the normal volume into the circulation
blood - Answers - not a risk free fluid replacement
- this is liquid transplant
, third spacing - Answers - fluid is not lost from the body but the fluid is not available for use in the
intracellular or extracellular compartments (fluid is in between tissues/cells)
- this patient is intravascularly dry and still needs more fluid
-
can you give platelets through the ranger - Answers - no it will aggreggate the platelets
hyponatremia - Answers - less than 135 -145
- weakness
- abdominal cramping/leg cramps
- dizzy
- change in LOC
- seizures
different ways to treat hyponatremia - Answers - hypovolemic (give IV fluid)
- euvolemic (fluid restriction)
- hypervolemic (diuretic)
severe hyponatremia - Answers - EMERGENCY
- below 115
- give hypertonic saline if patient is symptomatic
- in ICU setting
*infused slowly in small amounts....be prepared to handle seizures*
hypokalemia ECG changes - Answers - prolonged QT
minimum urine output for adult - Answers 0.5mL/kg/hr
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - Answers - water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
ADH pathway - Answers - hypothalamus senses low blood volumed and increased serum osmolality
- signal pituitary to release ADH
- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum osmolality
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) - Answers - cardiac hormone stored in atria
- released when atrial pressure increases
*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing intravascular volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
hydrostatic pressure - Answers - forces fluids and solutes through the capillary wall and into the tissue
spaces
colloid osmotic pressure - Answers - pulling force of albumin in the intravascular spaces
- pull fluid into vasculature
maintenance fluid therapy - Answers - replaces normal ongoing losses of water and electrolytes (urine,
sweat, respiration, stool)
,replacement therapy - Answers - corrects any existing water and or electrolyte deficits
isotonic fluids - Answers - tonicity equal to plasma in the body
- no fluid shifts because the solutions are equally concentrated
- LR
- NS
- D5W
hypotonic fluids - Answers - lower concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- fluid shifts into the cell to dilute the electrolytes (CELL SWELLS)
- 0.45NS
hypertonic fluid - Answers - higher concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- pulls fluid out of cells and into the vessels (CELL SHRINKS)
- D5 .45NS
- D5NS
- D5LR
- 3%, 7%, 23.4% NaCl
colloids - Answers - pull fluid into bloodstream
Albumin
- 5% is osmotically equal to plasma
- 25% draws 4 times the normal volume into the circulation
blood - Answers - not a risk free fluid replacement
- this is liquid transplant
, third spacing - Answers - fluid is not lost from the body but the fluid is not available for use in the
intracellular or extracellular compartments (fluid is in between tissues/cells)
- this patient is intravascularly dry and still needs more fluid
-
can you give platelets through the ranger - Answers - no it will aggreggate the platelets
hyponatremia - Answers - less than 135 -145
- weakness
- abdominal cramping/leg cramps
- dizzy
- change in LOC
- seizures
different ways to treat hyponatremia - Answers - hypovolemic (give IV fluid)
- euvolemic (fluid restriction)
- hypervolemic (diuretic)
severe hyponatremia - Answers - EMERGENCY
- below 115
- give hypertonic saline if patient is symptomatic
- in ICU setting
*infused slowly in small amounts....be prepared to handle seizures*
hypokalemia ECG changes - Answers - prolonged QT
