Tentamenstof
Week Boekhoofdstukken Belangrijkste onderwerpen
Wk 1
Ch1: Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method
Ch6: Research Strategies and Validity Ch7: The Experimental Research Strategy
Methods of research (1)
10 steps of the research process (1)
Various forms of experimental research (6)
Internal validity (6)
External validity (6)
Key characteristics of a true experiment (7)
Field experiments (7)
Wk 2
Ch8: Experimental Designs: Between- Subjects Designs
Ch9: Experimental Designs: Within- Subjects Designs
Between-subjects experiments: advantages and disadvantages (8)
Confounding variables (8)
Within-subjects experiments: advantages and disadvantages (9)
Between-subjects and within-subjects experiments compared (9)
Wk 3
Ch10: The Nonexperimental and Quasi- Experimental Strategies
Ch11: Factorial Designs
Non-experimental and quasi-experimental designs (10)
Developmental research designs (10)
Factorial research designs (11)
Main and interaction effects (11)
Web college 1
4 elementen van experiment die bepalen of het een echt experiment is.
1. Manipulation; the researcher manipulates one variable by
changing its value to create a set of two or more treatment
conditions. independent variable
, 2. Measurement; a second variable is measured for a group of
participants to obtain a set of scores in each treatment condition.
dependent variable
Example; meten van de verschillen bij de afhankelijke variabelen bij beide
condititons.
3. Comparison; the scores in one treatment cindition are compared
with the scores in another treatment condition. Consistent
differences between treatments are evidence that the manipulation
has caused changes in the scores.
Example; comparison in ad recognition between condition 1 (no
disclosure) and condition 2 (disclosure).
4. Control; all other variables are controlled to be sure that they do
not influence the two variables being examined.
Example; control every other variable to make sure there is no
influence on dependent variable.
- Control variables; familiarity with YT, brand familiarity, gender, age,
grade
- Other controlled factors; children were randomly assigned to
conditions. Procedure was exactly the same for both conditions.
,Is the Milgram experiment a ‘true’ experiment?
- Manipulation; no, every treatment was the same, there was no
manipulation in this study, all the participants received the same
treatment.
- Measurement; Yes, it was the severity of the shock they were giving
as a result of authority.
- Comparison; No, because there was no manipulation, there was no
treatment, there was nothing to compare to.
- Control; Difficult to answer, there is no control because there is no
manipulation. But the researcher did some attempts regarding
treating every participant the same way, and the experiment
conditions were exactly the same.
So; Not a true experiment
Web college 2 – het verschil tussen correlatie en causaliteit
Ted Talk; voorbeeld toegenomen ijsjes en toegenomen drenkelingen.
So what do you need to do to provide evidence for a causal
relation?
Use an experimental research strategy!
The goal of the experiment research strategy is to establish the existence
of a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables.
, Cause effect
Example;
The experimental research strategy
- By manipulation the independent we create different groups, and the
groups receive different treatments
- The different scores of the dependent variables are caused by the
treatment (IV), unless..
Extraneous variables are involved.
= all variables beyond the independent and dependent variables. Every
experiment is filled with them!
- The goal of a proper experimental design is to control these
extraneous variables and prevent them from becoming
confounding variables.
Extraneous variables are problematic when they become confounding
variables
- If it influences the dependent variable. Something totally unrelated
to the dependent variable is not a threat.
- If it varies systematically with the independent variable. A variable
that changes randomly, with no relation to the independent variable,
is not a threat.
Researcher usually use potential confounding variables as control
variables.
Potential confounding variables in the influencer marketing study;
familiarity with youtuber, brand familiarity, gender, age, grade. But also;
time of day, hunger
Week Boekhoofdstukken Belangrijkste onderwerpen
Wk 1
Ch1: Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method
Ch6: Research Strategies and Validity Ch7: The Experimental Research Strategy
Methods of research (1)
10 steps of the research process (1)
Various forms of experimental research (6)
Internal validity (6)
External validity (6)
Key characteristics of a true experiment (7)
Field experiments (7)
Wk 2
Ch8: Experimental Designs: Between- Subjects Designs
Ch9: Experimental Designs: Within- Subjects Designs
Between-subjects experiments: advantages and disadvantages (8)
Confounding variables (8)
Within-subjects experiments: advantages and disadvantages (9)
Between-subjects and within-subjects experiments compared (9)
Wk 3
Ch10: The Nonexperimental and Quasi- Experimental Strategies
Ch11: Factorial Designs
Non-experimental and quasi-experimental designs (10)
Developmental research designs (10)
Factorial research designs (11)
Main and interaction effects (11)
Web college 1
4 elementen van experiment die bepalen of het een echt experiment is.
1. Manipulation; the researcher manipulates one variable by
changing its value to create a set of two or more treatment
conditions. independent variable
, 2. Measurement; a second variable is measured for a group of
participants to obtain a set of scores in each treatment condition.
dependent variable
Example; meten van de verschillen bij de afhankelijke variabelen bij beide
condititons.
3. Comparison; the scores in one treatment cindition are compared
with the scores in another treatment condition. Consistent
differences between treatments are evidence that the manipulation
has caused changes in the scores.
Example; comparison in ad recognition between condition 1 (no
disclosure) and condition 2 (disclosure).
4. Control; all other variables are controlled to be sure that they do
not influence the two variables being examined.
Example; control every other variable to make sure there is no
influence on dependent variable.
- Control variables; familiarity with YT, brand familiarity, gender, age,
grade
- Other controlled factors; children were randomly assigned to
conditions. Procedure was exactly the same for both conditions.
,Is the Milgram experiment a ‘true’ experiment?
- Manipulation; no, every treatment was the same, there was no
manipulation in this study, all the participants received the same
treatment.
- Measurement; Yes, it was the severity of the shock they were giving
as a result of authority.
- Comparison; No, because there was no manipulation, there was no
treatment, there was nothing to compare to.
- Control; Difficult to answer, there is no control because there is no
manipulation. But the researcher did some attempts regarding
treating every participant the same way, and the experiment
conditions were exactly the same.
So; Not a true experiment
Web college 2 – het verschil tussen correlatie en causaliteit
Ted Talk; voorbeeld toegenomen ijsjes en toegenomen drenkelingen.
So what do you need to do to provide evidence for a causal
relation?
Use an experimental research strategy!
The goal of the experiment research strategy is to establish the existence
of a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables.
, Cause effect
Example;
The experimental research strategy
- By manipulation the independent we create different groups, and the
groups receive different treatments
- The different scores of the dependent variables are caused by the
treatment (IV), unless..
Extraneous variables are involved.
= all variables beyond the independent and dependent variables. Every
experiment is filled with them!
- The goal of a proper experimental design is to control these
extraneous variables and prevent them from becoming
confounding variables.
Extraneous variables are problematic when they become confounding
variables
- If it influences the dependent variable. Something totally unrelated
to the dependent variable is not a threat.
- If it varies systematically with the independent variable. A variable
that changes randomly, with no relation to the independent variable,
is not a threat.
Researcher usually use potential confounding variables as control
variables.
Potential confounding variables in the influencer marketing study;
familiarity with youtuber, brand familiarity, gender, age, grade. But also;
time of day, hunger
