NBCE PART 1 REVIEWS- PHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

NBCE PART 1 REVIEWS- PHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS What does the Portal Vein become? - Answer-Superior Mesenteric + Splenic/Lineal What is the most common cause of liver failure? - Answer-Alcoholism How does this kill you? - Answer-As the liver fails, varices form in the liver and esophagus. The patient begins to vomit blood (hematemesis). What is a precursor (stem cell) to all blood cells? - Answer-Hematocystoblast What is the Tetralogy of Fallot? - Answer-AORTA malpositioned causing right sided problems... INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTAL defect RIGHT VENTRICLE hypertrophies PULMONARY stenosis What is Marfan's Syndrome? - Answer-Genetic heart defect causing dissecting aneurysm. You will see it occurring in basketball players, since symptoms include tall stature, arachnodactaly and eye lens issues. Which valve can be destroyed by which bacteria? - Answer-Mitral valve can be destroyed by Rheumatic Fever (Strep Pyogenes). It makes Aschoff Bodies. What is Ahrabdomyoma? - Answer-A tumor of striated muscle. If the last part of the name is "thalamus," then what is the embryological origin? - Answer-Diencephalon What is another name for the Epithalamus? - Answer-Pineal Gland Is the anterior or posterior pituitary an extension of the hypothalamus? - Answer-posterior pituitary What is another name for the posterior pituitary? - Answer-Neurohypophysis What is another name for the anterior pituitary? - Answer-Adenohypophysis Which factors are sent out by the Neurohypophysis? Adenohypophysis? - Answer-Neurohypophysis - Releasing Factors Adenohypophysis - Stimulating Factors What is the embryological origin of the Neurohypophysis? Adenohypophysis? - Answer-Neurohypophysis - Infundibulum Hypothalami of the Diencephalon Adenohypophysis - Rathke's Pouch/Oral Ectoderm/Surface Ectoderm What connects the Neurohypophysis to the hypothalamus? - Answer-Neural Stalk (Infundibulum) What is the covering/roof of the Neurohypophysis? - Answer-Dorsum Sellae What connects the Adenohypophysis to the hypothalamus? - Answer-Hypophyseal Portal System (Transported through Blood) Where are both the Neurohypophysis and Adenohypophysis (Pituitary Gland) located? - Answer-Sella Turcica How many hormones are released by the Adenohypophysis? Which one causes milk to be produced? - Answer-7 Prolactin How many hormones are STORED in the Neurohypophysis? Which one causes milk to be let down? What is the other one? - Answer-2 Oxytocin ADH/Vasopressin How many hormones are PRODUCED in the Neurohypophysis? - Answer-0 - NONE All hormones are produced in the Adenohypophysis. There are two hormones that are STORED in the Neurohypophysis. What does ACTH (Adenohypophysis) target and trigger? - Answer-Zona Fasciculata of the Adrenal Cortex, triggering release of Cortisol What condition results from too much cortisol? What is the sure sign of it? - Answer-Cushing's Disease Purple Straje What conditions results from too little cortisol? What is the sure sign of it? - Answer-Addison's Disease Hyper-pigmented mouth and face Growth Hormone (Adenhypophysis) is also called? - Answer-Somatropin Too much Somatropin in adulthood triggers what condition? - Answer-Acromegaly What does Somatostatin do? - Answer-Shuts off Growth Hormone. What does MSH (Adenohypophysis) stimulate? What part of the gland releases it? - Answer-Melanocytes Pars Intermedia Where are melanocytes located? - Answer-Basement layer of the epidermis What stops Prolactin (Adenohypophysis) from causing milk to be produced in women? - Answer-Dopamine! This is a positive feedback mechanism (a rare departure from excess produced substance itself shutting down its own production in the typical negative feedback mechanism) What results from too much TSH/T3 and T4? What is it also called? - Answer-Grave's Disease Thyrotoxicosis What does hypothyroidism cause? - Answer-Cretinism How does the thyroid get its iodine? - Answer-From an iodine pump How does the thyroid keep its iodine? - Answer-By iodine trapping What is the embryology of the CNS? PNS? - Answer-CNS = Neural Tube PNS = Neural Crest Cells What allows the remaining 20% of blood in the right and left atriums flow into their respective ventricles? - Answer-AV Nodal Delay At the end of diastole, what is the volume of blood in the ventricles? - Answer-120 mL At the end of systole, how much remains in the left ventricle? - Answer-50 mL At the end of systole, how much blood is released into the aorta? - Answer-70 mL What is the valve between the right atrium and ventricle? - Answer-A/V Valve: Tricuspid Valve What is the valve between the left atrium and ventricle? - Answer-A/V Valve: Bicuspid or Mitral Valve What are the valves that leave the ventricles called? - Answer-S/L Valves: Right = Pulmonary Left = Aortic