CSCC SOC 1101 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
UPDATE.
sex – ANS the anatomical or other biological differences between males and females that
originate in human genes
Gender – ANS behavioral characteristics that differ between males and females based on
culturally enforced and socially learned roles and norms
Transgender – ANS An umbrella term used to describe those whose gender identity, expression,
or behavior differs from their assigned sex or is outside the gender binary
Transsexual – ANS people who use surgery and hormones to change their sex to match preferred
gender
Sexuality – ANS the ways in which people construct their sexual desires and relationships,
including the norms governing sexual behavior
second shift – ANS the unpaid housework women typically do after they come home from their
paid employment
stereotype threat – ANS a situation in which an individual is at risk of confirming a negative
stereotype about his or her social group
gender wage gap – ANS The difference between the earnings of women who work full-time
year-round as a group and those of men who work full-time year-round as a group.
labor supply factors – ANS reasons that women or men may "prefer" particular occupations
labor demand factors – ANS needs and preferences of the employer
human capital – ANS The skills, knowledge, and experiences possessed by an individual to give
them value in a workplace
glass ceiling – ANS the mostly invisible barrier that keeps women from advancing to the top
levels at work
glass escalator – ANS the accelerated promotion of men to the top of a work organization,
especially in feminized jobs
Talcott Parsons – ANS believed that traditional sex roles played played a functional role in U.S,
with woman socialized to be "expressive" for private spheres, where men were socialized to be
"instrumental" in public spheres
, Feminism – ANS the belief that social equality should exist between the sexes. seeks to explain,
expose and eliminate sexism. -liberal, socialist, radical, multicultural, third wave feminism.
standpoint theory-
hegemonic masculinity – ANS the culturally normative idea of male behavior, which often
emphasizes strength, domination, and aggression
race – ANS a group sharing apparent physical traits deemed by society to be socially significant
Ethnicity – ANS a group's national origin, language, and cultural or religious practices
expulsion – ANS the process of forcibly removing people from one part of the country to another
Segregation – ANS practice of spatially or socially segregating people on the bases of race and
ethnicity
Assimilation – ANS absorption of minorities within a dominant culture
cultural pluralism – ANS coexistence of groups characterized by acceptance and respect for
differences; "The Salad Bowl"
mechanical solidarity – ANS social groups held together by shared culture and language are
more stable
Racism – ANS Belief that one race is superior to another
minority groups – ANS share certain traits: membership involuntary, not numbers, but control of
resources, denied privileges of mobility/ opportunity, treated as members of groups
stigma – ANS attribute that is discrediting to an individual or group because it overshadows
other attributes and merits the individual or group may posses
mixed contacts – ANS interactions between those who are stigmatized and members of the
dominant, non-stigmatized group
prejudice – ANS belief about an individual or a group that is not subject to change on the basis
of evidence
stereotyping – ANS generalizing a set of characteristics to all members of a group
individual discrimination – ANS overt and intentional unequal treatment often based off of
prejudice beliefs
institutional discrimination – ANS discrimination enshrined in law, public policy or common
practice
WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
UPDATE.
sex – ANS the anatomical or other biological differences between males and females that
originate in human genes
Gender – ANS behavioral characteristics that differ between males and females based on
culturally enforced and socially learned roles and norms
Transgender – ANS An umbrella term used to describe those whose gender identity, expression,
or behavior differs from their assigned sex or is outside the gender binary
Transsexual – ANS people who use surgery and hormones to change their sex to match preferred
gender
Sexuality – ANS the ways in which people construct their sexual desires and relationships,
including the norms governing sexual behavior
second shift – ANS the unpaid housework women typically do after they come home from their
paid employment
stereotype threat – ANS a situation in which an individual is at risk of confirming a negative
stereotype about his or her social group
gender wage gap – ANS The difference between the earnings of women who work full-time
year-round as a group and those of men who work full-time year-round as a group.
labor supply factors – ANS reasons that women or men may "prefer" particular occupations
labor demand factors – ANS needs and preferences of the employer
human capital – ANS The skills, knowledge, and experiences possessed by an individual to give
them value in a workplace
glass ceiling – ANS the mostly invisible barrier that keeps women from advancing to the top
levels at work
glass escalator – ANS the accelerated promotion of men to the top of a work organization,
especially in feminized jobs
Talcott Parsons – ANS believed that traditional sex roles played played a functional role in U.S,
with woman socialized to be "expressive" for private spheres, where men were socialized to be
"instrumental" in public spheres
, Feminism – ANS the belief that social equality should exist between the sexes. seeks to explain,
expose and eliminate sexism. -liberal, socialist, radical, multicultural, third wave feminism.
standpoint theory-
hegemonic masculinity – ANS the culturally normative idea of male behavior, which often
emphasizes strength, domination, and aggression
race – ANS a group sharing apparent physical traits deemed by society to be socially significant
Ethnicity – ANS a group's national origin, language, and cultural or religious practices
expulsion – ANS the process of forcibly removing people from one part of the country to another
Segregation – ANS practice of spatially or socially segregating people on the bases of race and
ethnicity
Assimilation – ANS absorption of minorities within a dominant culture
cultural pluralism – ANS coexistence of groups characterized by acceptance and respect for
differences; "The Salad Bowl"
mechanical solidarity – ANS social groups held together by shared culture and language are
more stable
Racism – ANS Belief that one race is superior to another
minority groups – ANS share certain traits: membership involuntary, not numbers, but control of
resources, denied privileges of mobility/ opportunity, treated as members of groups
stigma – ANS attribute that is discrediting to an individual or group because it overshadows
other attributes and merits the individual or group may posses
mixed contacts – ANS interactions between those who are stigmatized and members of the
dominant, non-stigmatized group
prejudice – ANS belief about an individual or a group that is not subject to change on the basis
of evidence
stereotyping – ANS generalizing a set of characteristics to all members of a group
individual discrimination – ANS overt and intentional unequal treatment often based off of
prejudice beliefs
institutional discrimination – ANS discrimination enshrined in law, public policy or common
practice
