WGU C224 Research Foundations Study Guide
1. Deductive Reasoning g
: Drawing conclusions. Logical deductive process workingdown -
g g g g g g g
going from big to small. ex. All books sold at that store are new, and all thebooks I bo
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
ught came from that store. Therefore, all the books I own are new.
g g g g g g g g g g g g
2. Inductive Reasoning g
: Starts specific. Accepting conclusions. Going from small to big. Ex. The water at the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
beach has been about 75 degrees anytime I visit in July.Today is July 15th, so I expect
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
the water will be about 75 degrees when I go to thebeach tomorrow.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
3. Epistemology
: the overall pursuit of knowledge, not a specific knowledge con-
g g g g g g g g g g
tention. The study of knowledge itself.
g g g g g
4. Rule of Parsimony g g
: Simple and concise, succinct
g g g g
5. Criterion of Falsifiability g g
: if it can't be rejected, then its going in the right direction
g g g g g g g g g g g g
6. The Principle of Evidence
g g g
: researchers conduct research to acquire evidencethat may support a theory
g g g g g g g g g g
1g/g10
,and/or hypothesis. Researchers do not attempt to provewhat is true.
g g g g g g g g g
7. Ontology
: Inherent understanding. Nature of reality/truth
g g g g g
8. Experimental Research g
: Quantitative. Random assignment - not random selec-tion.
g g g g g g g
9. Quantitation Research Methods g g
: Experimental and Non-Experimental
g g g
10. Non-Experimental Research Methods g g
: Correlation and Casual Comparative
g g g g
11. Correlation research method g g
: Quantitative. A process to collect data to deter-
g g g g g g g g
mine if a relationship exists between two or more quantitative variables, and to whatd
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
egree.
12. Correlation Coefficient g
: Strength and direction of a relationship between twovariables. range of +1 to -1
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
13. Positive Correlation g
: r=+1 (points follow along a line)
g g g g g g
14. Negative Correlation g
: r=-1 (no correlation is a 0 and looks like a gun shot allover)
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
2g/g10
, 15. Variables
3g/g10
1. Deductive Reasoning g
: Drawing conclusions. Logical deductive process workingdown -
g g g g g g g
going from big to small. ex. All books sold at that store are new, and all thebooks I bo
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
ught came from that store. Therefore, all the books I own are new.
g g g g g g g g g g g g
2. Inductive Reasoning g
: Starts specific. Accepting conclusions. Going from small to big. Ex. The water at the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
beach has been about 75 degrees anytime I visit in July.Today is July 15th, so I expect
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
the water will be about 75 degrees when I go to thebeach tomorrow.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
3. Epistemology
: the overall pursuit of knowledge, not a specific knowledge con-
g g g g g g g g g g
tention. The study of knowledge itself.
g g g g g
4. Rule of Parsimony g g
: Simple and concise, succinct
g g g g
5. Criterion of Falsifiability g g
: if it can't be rejected, then its going in the right direction
g g g g g g g g g g g g
6. The Principle of Evidence
g g g
: researchers conduct research to acquire evidencethat may support a theory
g g g g g g g g g g
1g/g10
,and/or hypothesis. Researchers do not attempt to provewhat is true.
g g g g g g g g g
7. Ontology
: Inherent understanding. Nature of reality/truth
g g g g g
8. Experimental Research g
: Quantitative. Random assignment - not random selec-tion.
g g g g g g g
9. Quantitation Research Methods g g
: Experimental and Non-Experimental
g g g
10. Non-Experimental Research Methods g g
: Correlation and Casual Comparative
g g g g
11. Correlation research method g g
: Quantitative. A process to collect data to deter-
g g g g g g g g
mine if a relationship exists between two or more quantitative variables, and to whatd
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
egree.
12. Correlation Coefficient g
: Strength and direction of a relationship between twovariables. range of +1 to -1
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
13. Positive Correlation g
: r=+1 (points follow along a line)
g g g g g g
14. Negative Correlation g
: r=-1 (no correlation is a 0 and looks like a gun shot allover)
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
2g/g10
, 15. Variables
3g/g10
