Study Guide D115 OA
1. Conductive hearing loss involves the inner ear middle ear
5th cranial nerve
8th cranial nerve: middle ear and is usually the result of one of the following:
blockage of the ear canal, a hole in the ear drum, problems with three small bones
in the ear, or fluid in the space between the ear drum and cochlea
2. A 30-day-old infant presents to the emergency room with decreased oral
intake, decreased urine output, and a fever of 101.8. The infant is admitted for
further evaluation with a workup to include a blood culture, a urine culture, a
spinal tap, and a chest X-ray.
Which issue of innate immunity, as it relates to neonates, is of concern?
dysfunctional chemotactic factor response
excess collectin and collectin like protein
relative deficiency of factor b
high levels of mannose: relative deficiency of factor B
3. 12-year-old African American patient presents with unilateral eye
swelling and lower lip swelling. The patient's parent reports that the swelling
is spontaneous and resolves over several days. The patient does not have
complaints of fever, hives, or vomiting. Serum lab results show
hyperactivation of three plasma protein systems. The APRN suspects
hereditary angioedema. C1 esterase inhibitor
Plasminogen
Bradykinin
Hageman factor: C1 esterase inhibitor
4. angioedema: painless swelling under the skin, triggered by an allergy to
animal dander, pollen, drugs, venom, food, or medication.
5. The parent of a child diagnosed with Down syndrome expresses
concerns about the child's recurrent respiratory tract infections to an
advanced practice registered nurse (APRN). The infections have occurred
regularly since birth.
What should the APRN tell the parent is the underlying cause of this illness?
Hyperthyroidism causes an increased risk of infection.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease causes aspiration of thin fluids.
Short stature causes poor lung development.
Hypertonia causes airway restriction.: Gastroesophageal reflux disease causes
aspiration of thin fluids.
,6. A 36-year-old patient is being seen by an advanced practice registered
nurse (APRN) in a primary care clinic for the first time. The patient reports
feeling depressed due to a major life change. Additional symptoms include
weight gain, sedentary activity, and insomnia. The APRN plans on providing
the patient with several exercises to reduce the physiological effect of stress.
· It increases protein synthesis.
· It increases smooth muscle contraction.
· It decreases glucose uptake: It decreases glucose uptake
7. Turner syndrome: Single X chromosome. Short stature, wide spaced nipples,
sparse body hair, normal IQ. All females.
8. Klinefelter syndrome: Individuals w at least two X chromosomes and a Y
chromosome in each cell. XXY chromosome. Have male appearance, Usually
sterile, and half develop female like breasts. Testes are small, body hair sparse,
voice is somewhat high pitched, stature elevated, and moderate metal impairment
may be present.
9. Prader-Willi syndrome: Chromosome 15 long arm deletion. INHERITED
FROM THE FATHER with features that include short stature, hypotonia, small
hands and feet, obesity, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and hypogonadism
10. Angelman syndrome: Chromosome 15 long arm deletion.
INHERITED FROM MOTHER which is characterized by severe intellectual
disability, seizures, and an ataxic gait
11. A patient presents to the hospital complaining of blurred vision, muscle
weaknesses, impaired gait, and fatigue lasting more than 24 hours. The
patient has a history of smoking and vitamin D deficiency. Extensive
diagnostic testing and a comprehensive neurological assessment reveals a
diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
Which pathological mechanism will support this diagnosis?
A loss of myelin sheaths, causing a disruption of nerve conduction
Demyelination caused by antibody and cell-mediated immunologic reaction
of the peripheral nerves
A defect in nerve impulse transmission at the neuromuscular junction
Degeneration of the neuromuscular junction and the upper and lower motor
neurons: A loss of myelin sheaths, causing a disruption of nerve conduction
Multiple Sclerosis- is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord
, Study Guide D115 OA
(central nervous system). In MS, the immune system attacks the protective sheath
(myelin) that covers nerve fibers and causes communication problems between
your brain and the rest of your body.
12. A child presents to a clinic with a white pupillary reflex noted in the right
eye. The child is constantly crying and rubbing her eyes. An advanced
practice registered nurse (APRN) performs a complete ophthalmologic
examination and orders several diagnostic tests. Based on the findings, a
diagnosis of retinoblastoma is confirmed.
Mutations of a gene on chromosome 13q14 lead to neoplastic proliferation of
cells
Invasion of astrocytomas of the brain structure destroys normal defenses
Deficiency of hexosaminidase causes accumulation enzymes that damage
the brain
Autosomal dominant linked to genes results in mutations on chromosome
21: Mutations of a gene on chromosome 13q14 lead to neoplastic proliferation of
cells
13. A patient is seeing an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) in an
occupational health setting. The patient has been referred by employee
assistance for reckless and self-destructive behaviors and a violent
incident at work regarding a fellow employee. The APRN suspects post-
traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Which diagnostic cluster of PTSD is the patient exhibiting?
Arousal
Reexperiencing
Negative cognitions
Avoidance: Arousal
14. A 45-year-old male patient with altered testosterone levels needs
treatment. An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) is aware that
three factors affect hormone target cell responses when determining a
treatment approach.
Which factor should be considered by the APRN?
Change of target cell sensitivity
Affinity of receptor for the hormones
Limited number of target cell receptors
Limited concentration of organs: Affinity of receptor for the hormones
1. Conductive hearing loss involves the inner ear middle ear
5th cranial nerve
8th cranial nerve: middle ear and is usually the result of one of the following:
blockage of the ear canal, a hole in the ear drum, problems with three small bones
in the ear, or fluid in the space between the ear drum and cochlea
2. A 30-day-old infant presents to the emergency room with decreased oral
intake, decreased urine output, and a fever of 101.8. The infant is admitted for
further evaluation with a workup to include a blood culture, a urine culture, a
spinal tap, and a chest X-ray.
Which issue of innate immunity, as it relates to neonates, is of concern?
dysfunctional chemotactic factor response
excess collectin and collectin like protein
relative deficiency of factor b
high levels of mannose: relative deficiency of factor B
3. 12-year-old African American patient presents with unilateral eye
swelling and lower lip swelling. The patient's parent reports that the swelling
is spontaneous and resolves over several days. The patient does not have
complaints of fever, hives, or vomiting. Serum lab results show
hyperactivation of three plasma protein systems. The APRN suspects
hereditary angioedema. C1 esterase inhibitor
Plasminogen
Bradykinin
Hageman factor: C1 esterase inhibitor
4. angioedema: painless swelling under the skin, triggered by an allergy to
animal dander, pollen, drugs, venom, food, or medication.
5. The parent of a child diagnosed with Down syndrome expresses
concerns about the child's recurrent respiratory tract infections to an
advanced practice registered nurse (APRN). The infections have occurred
regularly since birth.
What should the APRN tell the parent is the underlying cause of this illness?
Hyperthyroidism causes an increased risk of infection.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease causes aspiration of thin fluids.
Short stature causes poor lung development.
Hypertonia causes airway restriction.: Gastroesophageal reflux disease causes
aspiration of thin fluids.
,6. A 36-year-old patient is being seen by an advanced practice registered
nurse (APRN) in a primary care clinic for the first time. The patient reports
feeling depressed due to a major life change. Additional symptoms include
weight gain, sedentary activity, and insomnia. The APRN plans on providing
the patient with several exercises to reduce the physiological effect of stress.
· It increases protein synthesis.
· It increases smooth muscle contraction.
· It decreases glucose uptake: It decreases glucose uptake
7. Turner syndrome: Single X chromosome. Short stature, wide spaced nipples,
sparse body hair, normal IQ. All females.
8. Klinefelter syndrome: Individuals w at least two X chromosomes and a Y
chromosome in each cell. XXY chromosome. Have male appearance, Usually
sterile, and half develop female like breasts. Testes are small, body hair sparse,
voice is somewhat high pitched, stature elevated, and moderate metal impairment
may be present.
9. Prader-Willi syndrome: Chromosome 15 long arm deletion. INHERITED
FROM THE FATHER with features that include short stature, hypotonia, small
hands and feet, obesity, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and hypogonadism
10. Angelman syndrome: Chromosome 15 long arm deletion.
INHERITED FROM MOTHER which is characterized by severe intellectual
disability, seizures, and an ataxic gait
11. A patient presents to the hospital complaining of blurred vision, muscle
weaknesses, impaired gait, and fatigue lasting more than 24 hours. The
patient has a history of smoking and vitamin D deficiency. Extensive
diagnostic testing and a comprehensive neurological assessment reveals a
diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
Which pathological mechanism will support this diagnosis?
A loss of myelin sheaths, causing a disruption of nerve conduction
Demyelination caused by antibody and cell-mediated immunologic reaction
of the peripheral nerves
A defect in nerve impulse transmission at the neuromuscular junction
Degeneration of the neuromuscular junction and the upper and lower motor
neurons: A loss of myelin sheaths, causing a disruption of nerve conduction
Multiple Sclerosis- is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord
, Study Guide D115 OA
(central nervous system). In MS, the immune system attacks the protective sheath
(myelin) that covers nerve fibers and causes communication problems between
your brain and the rest of your body.
12. A child presents to a clinic with a white pupillary reflex noted in the right
eye. The child is constantly crying and rubbing her eyes. An advanced
practice registered nurse (APRN) performs a complete ophthalmologic
examination and orders several diagnostic tests. Based on the findings, a
diagnosis of retinoblastoma is confirmed.
Mutations of a gene on chromosome 13q14 lead to neoplastic proliferation of
cells
Invasion of astrocytomas of the brain structure destroys normal defenses
Deficiency of hexosaminidase causes accumulation enzymes that damage
the brain
Autosomal dominant linked to genes results in mutations on chromosome
21: Mutations of a gene on chromosome 13q14 lead to neoplastic proliferation of
cells
13. A patient is seeing an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) in an
occupational health setting. The patient has been referred by employee
assistance for reckless and self-destructive behaviors and a violent
incident at work regarding a fellow employee. The APRN suspects post-
traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Which diagnostic cluster of PTSD is the patient exhibiting?
Arousal
Reexperiencing
Negative cognitions
Avoidance: Arousal
14. A 45-year-old male patient with altered testosterone levels needs
treatment. An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) is aware that
three factors affect hormone target cell responses when determining a
treatment approach.
Which factor should be considered by the APRN?
Change of target cell sensitivity
Affinity of receptor for the hormones
Limited number of target cell receptors
Limited concentration of organs: Affinity of receptor for the hormones
