PH 310 EXAM 1 LATEST UPDATE 2025
6 essential nutrients - ANSWER carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals,
water
refined grain - ANSWER just the endosperm (the middle layer that contains
carbohydrates along with proteins)
unrefined grain - ANSWER grain in the natural space
bran: the fiber rich outer layer that protects the seed and contains B vitamins and trace
minerals
endosperm: the middle layer that contains carbohydrates along with proteins
germ: smaller nutrient core that contains antioxidants including vitamin E, B, vitamins
and healthy fats
protein - ANSWER maintenance, growth, structural purposes, regulates bodily
processes
- made of amino acids
-functions in body as hormones, enzymes, transporters
lipids - ANSWER concentrated source of energy
stored as adipose tissue
saturated fatty acids, unsaturated, trans fatty acids, cholesterol
vitamins - ANSWER help with bodily processes
minerals - ANSWER regulatory and structural roles
- bone strength (calcium)
-transport of oxygen (iron)
transmission of nerve impulses
muscle contractions
water - ANSWER constantly turned over in the body
functions: lubricant, transporter, regulates body temperature, structural component of
cells, helps rid of waste
What is a pubic health issue - ANSWER is it prevalent? Is it serious? Is it preventable and
, treatable?
obesity increased in the US - ANSWER 1980
kwashiorkor - ANSWER protein deficiency with adequate calories intake- body cannot
produce transporter proteins to transport fat and water
DRI (dietary reference intakes) - ANSWER standard daily intake recommendations,
average amount of energy of nutrients individuals should consume per day to stay
healthy
EAR (estimated average requirement) - ANSWER meant to estimate needs of
populations, meet needs of 50% of people in the same sex
- if a population eats this amounts, only 50% would get sufficient amounts
RDA (recommended dietary allowance) - ANSWER add 2x the standard deviation of the
EAR - meets 97% of the populations needs
UL (tolerable upper intake levels) - ANSWER maximum level of intake unlikely to pose
toxicity
AI (adequate intake) - ANSWER set by observation of intake by healthy individuals in a
population - used when scientific evidence is not sufficient
estimated energy requirement (EER) - ANSWER average dietary intake to maintain
energy balance
acceptable macronutrient distribution range - ANSWER expressed as percentage of
total energy intake from macronutrients
recommendations
- 45-65% from carbs
- 20-35% from fat
- 10-35% from protein
fertility - ANSWER actual production of children
fecundity - ANSWER biological capacity to conceive a child
infertiltiy - ANSWER difficulty to conceive for more than a year
nutrition supports viable environment for reproduction - ANSWER - influence hormone
levels (amino acid pool/ adipose tissue)
- affect reproductive tract physiology
BMI - ANSWER an indicator using a person's weight and height to help screen for health
6 essential nutrients - ANSWER carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals,
water
refined grain - ANSWER just the endosperm (the middle layer that contains
carbohydrates along with proteins)
unrefined grain - ANSWER grain in the natural space
bran: the fiber rich outer layer that protects the seed and contains B vitamins and trace
minerals
endosperm: the middle layer that contains carbohydrates along with proteins
germ: smaller nutrient core that contains antioxidants including vitamin E, B, vitamins
and healthy fats
protein - ANSWER maintenance, growth, structural purposes, regulates bodily
processes
- made of amino acids
-functions in body as hormones, enzymes, transporters
lipids - ANSWER concentrated source of energy
stored as adipose tissue
saturated fatty acids, unsaturated, trans fatty acids, cholesterol
vitamins - ANSWER help with bodily processes
minerals - ANSWER regulatory and structural roles
- bone strength (calcium)
-transport of oxygen (iron)
transmission of nerve impulses
muscle contractions
water - ANSWER constantly turned over in the body
functions: lubricant, transporter, regulates body temperature, structural component of
cells, helps rid of waste
What is a pubic health issue - ANSWER is it prevalent? Is it serious? Is it preventable and
, treatable?
obesity increased in the US - ANSWER 1980
kwashiorkor - ANSWER protein deficiency with adequate calories intake- body cannot
produce transporter proteins to transport fat and water
DRI (dietary reference intakes) - ANSWER standard daily intake recommendations,
average amount of energy of nutrients individuals should consume per day to stay
healthy
EAR (estimated average requirement) - ANSWER meant to estimate needs of
populations, meet needs of 50% of people in the same sex
- if a population eats this amounts, only 50% would get sufficient amounts
RDA (recommended dietary allowance) - ANSWER add 2x the standard deviation of the
EAR - meets 97% of the populations needs
UL (tolerable upper intake levels) - ANSWER maximum level of intake unlikely to pose
toxicity
AI (adequate intake) - ANSWER set by observation of intake by healthy individuals in a
population - used when scientific evidence is not sufficient
estimated energy requirement (EER) - ANSWER average dietary intake to maintain
energy balance
acceptable macronutrient distribution range - ANSWER expressed as percentage of
total energy intake from macronutrients
recommendations
- 45-65% from carbs
- 20-35% from fat
- 10-35% from protein
fertility - ANSWER actual production of children
fecundity - ANSWER biological capacity to conceive a child
infertiltiy - ANSWER difficulty to conceive for more than a year
nutrition supports viable environment for reproduction - ANSWER - influence hormone
levels (amino acid pool/ adipose tissue)
- affect reproductive tract physiology
BMI - ANSWER an indicator using a person's weight and height to help screen for health
