Inhaled Anesthetics UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Why was ether considered the first "ideal" anesthetic? - CORRECT ANSWER - easy to make
in pure form
easy to administer
liquid at room temp, but readily vaporized
potent anesthetic
supports respiration and circulation
not toxic to vital organs
problem though: flammable
Talk about chloroform - CORRECT ANSWER - pleasant odor, nonflammable
hepatotoxic
SEVERE CV depressant
High incidence of death a/w its use, tough to administer
What does adding fluorine to carbon do? - CORRECT ANSWER - Decreased flammability
Describe what would make something an IDEAL anesthetic - CORRECT ANSWER -
Pharmacokinetics unaltered by pt pathophysiology
high degree of specific action/function
levels easily identified and managed-rapid adjustment
wide margin of safety
controllable DOA
easy to administer
No unwanted organ effects/toxic metabolites
, predictable elimination
useful in all ages
adequate muscle relaxation
What is general anesthesia? - CORRECT ANSWER - a state of unconsciousness of the brain
(hypnosis and sedation) plus immobility in response to noxious stimuli
what is the assumed site of action of anesthesia? - CORRECT ANSWER - CNS (brain/spinal
cord)
It is theorized that GA inhibits excitatory ______ potentials (amino acids: ____ & _____) and/or
promote inhibitory actions of _____ & _____ - CORRECT ANSWER - it is theorized that GA
inhibits excitatory postsynaptic potentials (amino acids: glutamate & asparate) and/or promote
inhibitory actions of GABA and glycine
Unitary Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - all GA act on same mechanism
Degenerated theory - CORRECT ANSWER - different classes have different mechanisms
Critical Volume (Meyer-Overton Theory) - CORRECT ANSWER - absorption of anesthetic
molecule expands hydrophobic region-expansion of lipid bilayer beyond critical amount and
alters membrane function
Fluidization Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - binding modifies membrane structures, alters
conductance, conformational change in channels
Lipid Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - correlation between potency and lipid solubility
Protein/lipid interface - CORRECT ANSWER - anesthetic displaces lipids necessary for
protein function
Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Why was ether considered the first "ideal" anesthetic? - CORRECT ANSWER - easy to make
in pure form
easy to administer
liquid at room temp, but readily vaporized
potent anesthetic
supports respiration and circulation
not toxic to vital organs
problem though: flammable
Talk about chloroform - CORRECT ANSWER - pleasant odor, nonflammable
hepatotoxic
SEVERE CV depressant
High incidence of death a/w its use, tough to administer
What does adding fluorine to carbon do? - CORRECT ANSWER - Decreased flammability
Describe what would make something an IDEAL anesthetic - CORRECT ANSWER -
Pharmacokinetics unaltered by pt pathophysiology
high degree of specific action/function
levels easily identified and managed-rapid adjustment
wide margin of safety
controllable DOA
easy to administer
No unwanted organ effects/toxic metabolites
, predictable elimination
useful in all ages
adequate muscle relaxation
What is general anesthesia? - CORRECT ANSWER - a state of unconsciousness of the brain
(hypnosis and sedation) plus immobility in response to noxious stimuli
what is the assumed site of action of anesthesia? - CORRECT ANSWER - CNS (brain/spinal
cord)
It is theorized that GA inhibits excitatory ______ potentials (amino acids: ____ & _____) and/or
promote inhibitory actions of _____ & _____ - CORRECT ANSWER - it is theorized that GA
inhibits excitatory postsynaptic potentials (amino acids: glutamate & asparate) and/or promote
inhibitory actions of GABA and glycine
Unitary Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - all GA act on same mechanism
Degenerated theory - CORRECT ANSWER - different classes have different mechanisms
Critical Volume (Meyer-Overton Theory) - CORRECT ANSWER - absorption of anesthetic
molecule expands hydrophobic region-expansion of lipid bilayer beyond critical amount and
alters membrane function
Fluidization Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - binding modifies membrane structures, alters
conductance, conformational change in channels
Lipid Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - correlation between potency and lipid solubility
Protein/lipid interface - CORRECT ANSWER - anesthetic displaces lipids necessary for
protein function
