NURS 5315 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
Anion gap level - Correct Ans-Normal range is 3-10
Osmol gap normal range and heat does an elevated value mean - Correct Ans-Normal
range is <10 mOsm/kg; elevated levels indicate ethyl alcohol (etoh) consumption
What triggers renin releases - Correct Ans-Triggered by dehydration; involved in the
regulation of blood pressure
What does a cirrhosis and HF do to oncotic pressure - Correct Ans-Increased in
cirrhosis; decreased in heart failure
What does an elevated serum osmolality pull - Correct Ans-Elevated levels pull
potassium
What acid base imbalance can thiazide diuretics cause and why - Correct Ans-Cause
metabolic alkalosis due to aldosterone stimulation of Na and bicarb reabsorption in
proximal tubule
ACIDOSIS r/t potassium - Correct Ans-Associated with hyperkalemia
what IL is associated with Crohns and why - Correct Ans-inflammation associated with
IL-4
Adherence seen with WBC - Correct Ans-Diapedesis
First line of immune defense and example - Correct Ans-Innate immunity; intact
mucosal
An anamnestic immune response due to maternal antibodies - Correct Ans-Hemolytic
anemia of a newborn
Flu and infection release - Correct Ans-Cytokine
Mycobacterium avium - Correct Ans-Acid fast bacteria with a super thick cell wall;
requires long haul antibiotics to break through
Why are sickle cell pts at a greater risk for pneumococcal infections - Correct Ans-due
to asplenia
Sickle cell pt get what type of fluid - Correct Ans-Hypotonic
Used to diagnose hemarthrosis - Correct Ans-PTT
, Iron deficit is common in - Correct Ans-Common in childbearing age
Hodgkin's lymphoma CM - Correct Ans-Reed Sternberg cells, weight loss, night sweats,
enlarged mass on right side of neck
Leukemia causes what platelet change - Correct Ans-Causes thrombocytopenia
Pulmonary resistance is equal to adults at X weeks - Correct Ans-Equal to adults at 8
weeks
Causes loss of atrial kick, resulting in lack of cardiac output and potential syncope -
Correct Ans-A-fib
Can cause pulmonary edema; hypertrophy is not acute during surgery - Correct Ans-
Aortic stenosis
Community-acquired pneumonia is caused by - Correct Ans-Caused by Streptococcus
pneumoniae
Hypovolemic shock from diarrhea causes pyruvate to produce.... - Correct Ans-Caused
by diarrhea, leading to pyruvate production and lactic acidosis
Croup often causes by - Correct Ans-Caused by parainfluenza virus
Factor V Leiden Mutation often causes - Correct Ans-Causes hypercoagulability and is
associated with pulmonary embolism
COPD FEV1 - Correct Ans-Characterized by low FEV1
Takes weeks to develop and is seen in elderly individuals who fall - Correct Ans-
Subdural hematoma
Fontanels are not all closed until - Correct Ans-Do not close until 18 months
Cerebral palsy causes - Correct Ans-Caused by injury or abnormal brain development;
hemorrhage during birth can be a cause
Responsible for lack of coordination - Correct Ans-Cerebellum
Subarachnoid can cause irritation to meninges due to contact with ______ - Correct
Ans-Pia
Decrease cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism can lead to______ due
to_______ - Correct Ans-Can lead to depression due to decreased 5-HT
Addison's - Correct Ans-Hypofunction of adrenal cortex; lack of aldosterone and cortisol
Anion gap level - Correct Ans-Normal range is 3-10
Osmol gap normal range and heat does an elevated value mean - Correct Ans-Normal
range is <10 mOsm/kg; elevated levels indicate ethyl alcohol (etoh) consumption
What triggers renin releases - Correct Ans-Triggered by dehydration; involved in the
regulation of blood pressure
What does a cirrhosis and HF do to oncotic pressure - Correct Ans-Increased in
cirrhosis; decreased in heart failure
What does an elevated serum osmolality pull - Correct Ans-Elevated levels pull
potassium
What acid base imbalance can thiazide diuretics cause and why - Correct Ans-Cause
metabolic alkalosis due to aldosterone stimulation of Na and bicarb reabsorption in
proximal tubule
ACIDOSIS r/t potassium - Correct Ans-Associated with hyperkalemia
what IL is associated with Crohns and why - Correct Ans-inflammation associated with
IL-4
Adherence seen with WBC - Correct Ans-Diapedesis
First line of immune defense and example - Correct Ans-Innate immunity; intact
mucosal
An anamnestic immune response due to maternal antibodies - Correct Ans-Hemolytic
anemia of a newborn
Flu and infection release - Correct Ans-Cytokine
Mycobacterium avium - Correct Ans-Acid fast bacteria with a super thick cell wall;
requires long haul antibiotics to break through
Why are sickle cell pts at a greater risk for pneumococcal infections - Correct Ans-due
to asplenia
Sickle cell pt get what type of fluid - Correct Ans-Hypotonic
Used to diagnose hemarthrosis - Correct Ans-PTT
, Iron deficit is common in - Correct Ans-Common in childbearing age
Hodgkin's lymphoma CM - Correct Ans-Reed Sternberg cells, weight loss, night sweats,
enlarged mass on right side of neck
Leukemia causes what platelet change - Correct Ans-Causes thrombocytopenia
Pulmonary resistance is equal to adults at X weeks - Correct Ans-Equal to adults at 8
weeks
Causes loss of atrial kick, resulting in lack of cardiac output and potential syncope -
Correct Ans-A-fib
Can cause pulmonary edema; hypertrophy is not acute during surgery - Correct Ans-
Aortic stenosis
Community-acquired pneumonia is caused by - Correct Ans-Caused by Streptococcus
pneumoniae
Hypovolemic shock from diarrhea causes pyruvate to produce.... - Correct Ans-Caused
by diarrhea, leading to pyruvate production and lactic acidosis
Croup often causes by - Correct Ans-Caused by parainfluenza virus
Factor V Leiden Mutation often causes - Correct Ans-Causes hypercoagulability and is
associated with pulmonary embolism
COPD FEV1 - Correct Ans-Characterized by low FEV1
Takes weeks to develop and is seen in elderly individuals who fall - Correct Ans-
Subdural hematoma
Fontanels are not all closed until - Correct Ans-Do not close until 18 months
Cerebral palsy causes - Correct Ans-Caused by injury or abnormal brain development;
hemorrhage during birth can be a cause
Responsible for lack of coordination - Correct Ans-Cerebellum
Subarachnoid can cause irritation to meninges due to contact with ______ - Correct
Ans-Pia
Decrease cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism can lead to______ due
to_______ - Correct Ans-Can lead to depression due to decreased 5-HT
Addison's - Correct Ans-Hypofunction of adrenal cortex; lack of aldosterone and cortisol
