1. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a patient with renal failure about dietary
changes. The nurse advises the patient to limit intake of which of the following
nutrients?
A. Potassium
B. Carbohydrates
C. Iron
D. Fiber
Answer: A) Potassium
Rationale: Renal failure can impair the kidneys' ability to excrete potassium, which can
lead to
hyperkalemia. Therefore, limiting high-potassium foods such as bananas, oranges, and
potatoes
is necessary.
2. Case Study: A nurse is educating a patient with lactose intolerance. Which of
the following foods should the nurse recommend?
A. Milk
B. Cheese
C. Yogurt with probiotics
D. Ice cream
Answer: C) Yogurt with probiotics
Rationale: Yogurt with probiotics is often better tolerated by individuals with lactose
intolerance
because the live bacteria help break down lactose. Milk and ice cream contain higher
lactose
levels and can cause discomfort in these patients.
3. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a patient with osteoporosis. The nurse
encourages the patient to increase the intake of which nutrient to help strengthen
bones?
A. Iron
B. Calcium
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin D
Answer: B) Calcium
Rationale: Calcium is essential for bone health and can help prevent and manage
osteoporosis.
Adequate calcium intake, along with vitamin D to enhance absorption, is important for
maintaining strong bones.
4. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a patient with heart disease about dietary
changes. Which food should the nurse recommend to the patient to help manage
cholesterol levels?
A. Red meat
B. Whole grains
C. Butter
D. Full-fat dairy products
,Answer: B) Whole grains
Rationale: Whole grains, such as oats, barley, and brown rice, are high in soluble fiber,
which
can help lower cholesterol levels. Reducing intake of saturated fats and increasing fiber
can be
beneficial for heart health.
5. Case Study: A nurse is providing nutrition education to a patient with
hypertension. The nurse explains that which of the following eating patterns is
most likely to help reduce blood pressure?
A. DASH diet
B. Low-fat, high-protein diet
C. Low-carb, high-fat diet
D. High-sodium, high-fat diet
Answer: A) DASH diet
Rationale: The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet emphasizes fruits,
vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy, while limiting sodium and
unhealthy
fats. This diet is well-researched and proven to help lower blood pressure.
6. Case Study: A nurse is counseling a patient about weight loss. The nurse
explains that a caloric deficit must be created by which of the following methods?
A. Increasing fat intake
B. Reducing daily calorie intake or increasing physical activity
C. Reducing protein intake
D. Avoiding carbohydrates completely
Answer: B) Reducing daily calorie intake or increasing physical activity
Rationale: To achieve weight loss, a caloric deficit is necessary, which can be
accomplished
through either reducing calorie intake or increasing physical activity. Both methods are
key to
successful and sustainable weight loss.
7. Case Study: A nurse is educating a patient with celiac disease about their diet.
Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the patient to avoid?
A. Oats
B. Rice
C. Gluten-free bread
D. Wheat
Answer: D) Wheat
Rationale: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of
gluten, which
is found in wheat, barley, and rye. The patient should avoid all foods containing gluten,
including wheat-based products.
8. Case Study: A nurse is counseling a patient with a history of heart disease.
The nurse suggests which of the following foods to help reduce the risk of further
, cardiovascular problems?
A. Bacon
B. Whole-grain pasta
C. Processed meats
D. Fried chicken
Answer: B) Whole-grain pasta
Rationale: Whole grains provide fiber, which can help reduce cholesterol levels and
support
heart health. Reducing the intake of saturated fats, trans fats, and processed meats is
essential for
cardiovascular health.
9. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a patient who is experiencing malnutrition.
The nurse explains the importance of increasing the intake of which nutrient to
help prevent muscle wasting?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Fiber
Answer: B) Protein
Rationale: Protein is essential for muscle maintenance and repair. In cases of
malnutrition,
increasing protein intake helps prevent muscle wasting and supports recovery.
10. Case Study: A nurse is educating a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) about nutrition. The nurse suggests which of the following to
help the patient maintain adequate nutrition?
A. Eat frequent, small meals high in protein and calories
B. Consume large meals with high fiber
C. Focus on low-protein, low-fat meals
D. Increase carbohydrate intake significantly
Answer: A) Eat frequent, small meals high in protein and calories
Rationale: COPD patients often experience weight loss and muscle wasting. Frequent,
small
meals that are high in protein and calories can help prevent malnutrition and muscle
deterioration.
11. Case Study: A nurse is assessing a patient’s nutritional status and notices that
the patient has a low intake of vitamin D. The nurse should encourage the patient
to consume which of the following foods?
A. Fortified cereal
B. Potatoes
C. Oranges
D. Green leafy vegetables
Answer: A) Fortified cereal
Rationale: Fortified cereals are often enriched with vitamin D. Vitamin D is essential for
calcium absorption and bone health, and it’s not naturally abundant in many foods, so
changes. The nurse advises the patient to limit intake of which of the following
nutrients?
A. Potassium
B. Carbohydrates
C. Iron
D. Fiber
Answer: A) Potassium
Rationale: Renal failure can impair the kidneys' ability to excrete potassium, which can
lead to
hyperkalemia. Therefore, limiting high-potassium foods such as bananas, oranges, and
potatoes
is necessary.
2. Case Study: A nurse is educating a patient with lactose intolerance. Which of
the following foods should the nurse recommend?
A. Milk
B. Cheese
C. Yogurt with probiotics
D. Ice cream
Answer: C) Yogurt with probiotics
Rationale: Yogurt with probiotics is often better tolerated by individuals with lactose
intolerance
because the live bacteria help break down lactose. Milk and ice cream contain higher
lactose
levels and can cause discomfort in these patients.
3. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a patient with osteoporosis. The nurse
encourages the patient to increase the intake of which nutrient to help strengthen
bones?
A. Iron
B. Calcium
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin D
Answer: B) Calcium
Rationale: Calcium is essential for bone health and can help prevent and manage
osteoporosis.
Adequate calcium intake, along with vitamin D to enhance absorption, is important for
maintaining strong bones.
4. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a patient with heart disease about dietary
changes. Which food should the nurse recommend to the patient to help manage
cholesterol levels?
A. Red meat
B. Whole grains
C. Butter
D. Full-fat dairy products
,Answer: B) Whole grains
Rationale: Whole grains, such as oats, barley, and brown rice, are high in soluble fiber,
which
can help lower cholesterol levels. Reducing intake of saturated fats and increasing fiber
can be
beneficial for heart health.
5. Case Study: A nurse is providing nutrition education to a patient with
hypertension. The nurse explains that which of the following eating patterns is
most likely to help reduce blood pressure?
A. DASH diet
B. Low-fat, high-protein diet
C. Low-carb, high-fat diet
D. High-sodium, high-fat diet
Answer: A) DASH diet
Rationale: The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet emphasizes fruits,
vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy, while limiting sodium and
unhealthy
fats. This diet is well-researched and proven to help lower blood pressure.
6. Case Study: A nurse is counseling a patient about weight loss. The nurse
explains that a caloric deficit must be created by which of the following methods?
A. Increasing fat intake
B. Reducing daily calorie intake or increasing physical activity
C. Reducing protein intake
D. Avoiding carbohydrates completely
Answer: B) Reducing daily calorie intake or increasing physical activity
Rationale: To achieve weight loss, a caloric deficit is necessary, which can be
accomplished
through either reducing calorie intake or increasing physical activity. Both methods are
key to
successful and sustainable weight loss.
7. Case Study: A nurse is educating a patient with celiac disease about their diet.
Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the patient to avoid?
A. Oats
B. Rice
C. Gluten-free bread
D. Wheat
Answer: D) Wheat
Rationale: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of
gluten, which
is found in wheat, barley, and rye. The patient should avoid all foods containing gluten,
including wheat-based products.
8. Case Study: A nurse is counseling a patient with a history of heart disease.
The nurse suggests which of the following foods to help reduce the risk of further
, cardiovascular problems?
A. Bacon
B. Whole-grain pasta
C. Processed meats
D. Fried chicken
Answer: B) Whole-grain pasta
Rationale: Whole grains provide fiber, which can help reduce cholesterol levels and
support
heart health. Reducing the intake of saturated fats, trans fats, and processed meats is
essential for
cardiovascular health.
9. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a patient who is experiencing malnutrition.
The nurse explains the importance of increasing the intake of which nutrient to
help prevent muscle wasting?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Fiber
Answer: B) Protein
Rationale: Protein is essential for muscle maintenance and repair. In cases of
malnutrition,
increasing protein intake helps prevent muscle wasting and supports recovery.
10. Case Study: A nurse is educating a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) about nutrition. The nurse suggests which of the following to
help the patient maintain adequate nutrition?
A. Eat frequent, small meals high in protein and calories
B. Consume large meals with high fiber
C. Focus on low-protein, low-fat meals
D. Increase carbohydrate intake significantly
Answer: A) Eat frequent, small meals high in protein and calories
Rationale: COPD patients often experience weight loss and muscle wasting. Frequent,
small
meals that are high in protein and calories can help prevent malnutrition and muscle
deterioration.
11. Case Study: A nurse is assessing a patient’s nutritional status and notices that
the patient has a low intake of vitamin D. The nurse should encourage the patient
to consume which of the following foods?
A. Fortified cereal
B. Potatoes
C. Oranges
D. Green leafy vegetables
Answer: A) Fortified cereal
Rationale: Fortified cereals are often enriched with vitamin D. Vitamin D is essential for
calcium absorption and bone health, and it’s not naturally abundant in many foods, so
