Praxis PLT Study Guide Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
Assessment - ✔✔the process of drawing inferences about a student's knowledge and
abilities based on a sample of the student's work.
results can provide valuable information about students' achievements and motivations
to teachers, parents, students, and educational administrators as well as information
about the success of the teacher in meeting his or her personal and professional goals
Formative evaluations - ✔✔designed to provide information regarding what students
know and can do before or during instruction.
helps to drive the direction of the lesson — allowing teachers and students to judge
whether the lesson is going well, whether students need additional practice, or whether
more information needs to be provided by the teacher
summative evaluations - ✔✔- address the question, "What have students learned?"
- provide information regarding what students know or have achieved following
instruction
Emily Charlene © All Rights Reserved 2025. 1
,Diagnostic assessments - ✔✔- intended to identify what students know before
instruction
-used to identify exceptionalities in learning, including disabilities and giftedness
-frequently conducted outside the classroom by education specialists or school
psychologists
Informal assessments - ✔✔- spontaneous measures of student achievement.
Formal assessments - ✔✔- planned and structured
-can be used for formative as well as summative evaluation
Objective tests - ✔✔- include multiple-choice and matching tests
-popular for many reasons, including that they can be scored easily and objectively and
are efficient and usually inexpensive to administer
- Can also be used to assess higher-level thinking, such as application or analogical
reasoning
Essay tests - ✔✔- also known as free-response tests
-require students to create their own answers, rather than select from a set of possible
responses
- can be quick to construct, although they can be challenging to grade fairly
Emily Charlene © All Rights Reserved 2025. 2
,Standardized tests - ✔✔- developed by test construction experts and are used in many
different schools or settings
- everyone takes the same test in the same way
-can include both objective and essay components
High-stakes testing - ✔✔Practice of using students' performance on a single assessment
instrument to make major decisions about students or school personnel.
Rubric - ✔✔List of components that a student's performance on an assessment task
should ideally include
Achievement tests - ✔✔- purpose: To assess how much students have learned from
what they have specifically been taught
-Test items are written to reflect the curriculum common to many schools. Test scores
indicate achievement only in a very broad and (usually) norm-referenced sense: They
estimate a student's general level of knowledge and skills in a particular domain
relative to other students across the country.
- These tests are usually more appropriate for measuring general levels of achievement
than for determining specific information and skills that students have and have not
acquired.
Emily Charlene © All Rights Reserved 2025. 3
, General scholastic aptitude and intelligence tests - ✔✔- To assess students' general
capability to learn; to predict their general academic success over the short run
- Test items typically focus on what and how much students have learned and deduced
from their general, everyday experiences. For example, the tests may include items that
ask students to define words, draw logical deductions, recognize analogies between
seemingly unrelated topics, analyze geometric figures, or solve problems.
- Test scores should not be construed as an indication of learning potential over the
long run.
Specific aptitude and ability tests - ✔✔- To predict how well students are likely to
perform in a specific content domain
- Test items are similar to those in general scholastic aptitude tests, except that they
focus on a specific domain (e.g., verbal skills, mathematical reasoning). Some aptitude
tests, called multiple aptitude batteries, yield subscores for a variety of domains
simultaneously.
- Test scores should not be construed as an indication of learning potential over the long
run
- Tests tend to have only limited ability to predict students' success in a particular
domain and so should be used only in combination with other information about
students.
Emily Charlene © All Rights Reserved 2025. 4
and Answers 100% Pass
Assessment - ✔✔the process of drawing inferences about a student's knowledge and
abilities based on a sample of the student's work.
results can provide valuable information about students' achievements and motivations
to teachers, parents, students, and educational administrators as well as information
about the success of the teacher in meeting his or her personal and professional goals
Formative evaluations - ✔✔designed to provide information regarding what students
know and can do before or during instruction.
helps to drive the direction of the lesson — allowing teachers and students to judge
whether the lesson is going well, whether students need additional practice, or whether
more information needs to be provided by the teacher
summative evaluations - ✔✔- address the question, "What have students learned?"
- provide information regarding what students know or have achieved following
instruction
Emily Charlene © All Rights Reserved 2025. 1
,Diagnostic assessments - ✔✔- intended to identify what students know before
instruction
-used to identify exceptionalities in learning, including disabilities and giftedness
-frequently conducted outside the classroom by education specialists or school
psychologists
Informal assessments - ✔✔- spontaneous measures of student achievement.
Formal assessments - ✔✔- planned and structured
-can be used for formative as well as summative evaluation
Objective tests - ✔✔- include multiple-choice and matching tests
-popular for many reasons, including that they can be scored easily and objectively and
are efficient and usually inexpensive to administer
- Can also be used to assess higher-level thinking, such as application or analogical
reasoning
Essay tests - ✔✔- also known as free-response tests
-require students to create their own answers, rather than select from a set of possible
responses
- can be quick to construct, although they can be challenging to grade fairly
Emily Charlene © All Rights Reserved 2025. 2
,Standardized tests - ✔✔- developed by test construction experts and are used in many
different schools or settings
- everyone takes the same test in the same way
-can include both objective and essay components
High-stakes testing - ✔✔Practice of using students' performance on a single assessment
instrument to make major decisions about students or school personnel.
Rubric - ✔✔List of components that a student's performance on an assessment task
should ideally include
Achievement tests - ✔✔- purpose: To assess how much students have learned from
what they have specifically been taught
-Test items are written to reflect the curriculum common to many schools. Test scores
indicate achievement only in a very broad and (usually) norm-referenced sense: They
estimate a student's general level of knowledge and skills in a particular domain
relative to other students across the country.
- These tests are usually more appropriate for measuring general levels of achievement
than for determining specific information and skills that students have and have not
acquired.
Emily Charlene © All Rights Reserved 2025. 3
, General scholastic aptitude and intelligence tests - ✔✔- To assess students' general
capability to learn; to predict their general academic success over the short run
- Test items typically focus on what and how much students have learned and deduced
from their general, everyday experiences. For example, the tests may include items that
ask students to define words, draw logical deductions, recognize analogies between
seemingly unrelated topics, analyze geometric figures, or solve problems.
- Test scores should not be construed as an indication of learning potential over the
long run.
Specific aptitude and ability tests - ✔✔- To predict how well students are likely to
perform in a specific content domain
- Test items are similar to those in general scholastic aptitude tests, except that they
focus on a specific domain (e.g., verbal skills, mathematical reasoning). Some aptitude
tests, called multiple aptitude batteries, yield subscores for a variety of domains
simultaneously.
- Test scores should not be construed as an indication of learning potential over the long
run
- Tests tend to have only limited ability to predict students' success in a particular
domain and so should be used only in combination with other information about
students.
Emily Charlene © All Rights Reserved 2025. 4
