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Samenvatting In het groot alle bacteriën van bacteriologie - Algemene Microbiologie

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Als je het beu bent om zoveel leerstof in 1 keer te blokken, kun je beter een groter overzicht hebben van al de bacteriën die je moet kennen!

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Uploaded on
January 5, 2025
Number of pages
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Written in
2024/2025
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RESPIRATOIRE PATHOGENEN
- Streptococcus pyogenes
- G+, aero-tolerant
- Orofarynx
- Druppelinfectie, direct contact
- Virulentiefactoren: hyaluronzuurkapsel, hyaluronidase, M-proteïne, pyrogene
of erythrogene toxine, streptolysine O en S, streptokinase en DNAsen
- Ziektebeelden: faryngitis, scarlatina, impetigo, erysipelas, necrotische
fascitis, acute glomerulonefritis
- Diagnose: Ag-detectie
- Behandeling: penicilline, cefadroxil, cefalexine, penicilline en clindamycine
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- G+, aero-tolerant, diplokok
- Naso-orofarynx
- Druppelinfectie
- Virulentiefactoren: polysach kapsel, pneumolysine, neuramidase, opp
proteïne A, IgA protease
- Ziektebeelden: rilkoorts, bloederige hoest, sinusitis, otitis media,
bacteriëmie, meningitis, acute exacerbatie
- Diagnose: gramkleuring, cultuur, bloedkweek
- Behandeling: b-lactam, fluorochinolonen
- Vaccin: 23-valent polysach vaccin, geconjugeerd vaccin
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Facultatief
- Oro-nasofarynx
- Druppelinfectie, nauw contact
- Virulentiefactoren: adhesine, cytotoxine
- Ziektebeelden: atypische pneumonie, faryngitis, tracheo-bronchitis
- Dragerschap
- Diagnose: PCR, Ab-detectie
- Behandeling: macroliden, tetracycline, fluorochinolonen
- Legionella pneumophila
- G-, aeroob
- Aerosol infectie (airco, douches)
- Virulentiefactoren: intracell overleving (eXectorproteïnen)
- Ziektebeelden: pneumonie, pontiac koorts, vaak asymptomatisch
- Diagnose: cultuur (L-cysteïne en Fe bodem), serologisch onderzoek, urine Ag-
test, PCR (syndroom gericht)
- Behandeling: macroliden en fluorochinolonen
- Bordetella pertussis
- G-, aeroob
- Druppelinfectie
- Virulentiefactoren: adhesines (filamenteus hemagglutinine), toxines
(pertussis toxine, tracheaal cytotoxine, adenylaatcyclase toxine)
- Ziektebeelden: caterhale fase (verkoudheid), paroxysmale fase (hoestbuien),
convalescentiefase (pneumonie, encefalopathie)
- Diagnose: cultuur, PCR

, - Behandeling: macroliden
- Vaccin: hexavalent vaccin (2,3,4 en 15 maanden), booster DiTePe (5-7 jaar)
- Corynebacterium diptheriae
- G+, faculatief
- Keel en huid
- Druppelinfectie, huidcontact
- Virulentiefactoren: difterie exotoxine
- Ziektebeelden: cutane difterie, keelontsteking, lage koorts, necrotisch vlies,
hartritmestoornissen, ...
- Diagnose: PCR toxine gen, cultuur
- Behandeling: difterie-antitoxine, penicilline, macroliden
- Vaccin: hexavalent vaccin
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Zuurvast, strikt aeroob
- Longen
- Druppelinfectie
- Virulentiefactoren: mycolzuren, inhibitie fusie fagosoom en lysosoom,
intracell overleving, vermenigvuldiging in macrofagen
- Ziektebeelden: openlongtuberculose (granuloom ® reuscellen centraal ®
auto-digestie en kaashaarden), longtuberculose (hemoptysis, malaise, ...),
extrapulmonaire tuberculose (miliaire tuberculose)
- Diagnose: Ziehl-Neelsen, auramine kleuring, cultuur (Lowenstein-Jensen
medium of MGIT), PCR, Mantoux/tuberculinetest, IGRA
- Behandeling: rifampicine, tuberculostatica
- Vaccin: BCG-vaccinatie
- Haemophilus influenzae
- G-, facultatief
- Nasofarynx
- Druppelinfectie
- Virulentiefactoren: adhesine, ciliostatische bestanddelen, IgA protease,
antifagocytair kapsel, LPS
- Ziektebeelden: meningitis (omkapseld), pneumonie (niet-omkapseld),
epiglottitis, osteomyelitis, arthritis
- Diagnose: cultuur (medium met hemine en NAD), gramkleuring
- Behandeling: amoxicilline-clavulaanzuur, cefalosporines,
rifampicine/fluorochinolonen)
- Vaccin: geconjugeerd
- Neisseria meningitidis
- G-, aeroob, diplokok
- Nasofarynx
- Druppelinfectie
- Virulentiefactoren: adhesine, antifagocytair polysach kapsel (A, B, en C), lipo-
oligosach, IgA protease, endotoxine
- Ziektebeelden: meningitis (epidemisch door type A kapsel, endemisch door
type B en C), sepsis (petechiën, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndroom),
chronische bacteriëmie, penumonie, arthritis, uretritis
- Diagnose: gramkleuring, cultuur

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