Area of Criticism Details of Criticisms
Mission Education - Reinforced social hierarchy by preparing black students for low-
level jobs.
- Offered limited education, usually only to primary level.
- Gender and racial segregation in learning roles.
- Faced a lack of resources for training.
Bantu Education - Provided low-quality education for black students, aimed at low-
Act (1953) wage jobs.
- Schools for black students were severely underfunded.
- Schools were overcrowded and poorly equipped.
Missionary - Taught values (like humility) that critics say kept black students in
Influence on lower social roles.
Social Roles - Prepared most black students for labor roles, not professional
careers.
1976 Student - Student activism led to lower discipline and pass rates.
Revolt’s Aftermath - The Black Consciousness Movement increased tensions in
schools.
Post-Apartheid - Racial gaps continue, with white and middle-class students
Educational achieving higher success rates.
Inequality - Class gaps have also grown among black students.
Teacher - Poor teacher accountability due to absenteeism and union
Professionalism influence.
- Black female teachers often work in tougher conditions in low-fee
schools.
Outcomes-Based - Complex ideas but lacked practical classroom support.
Education (OBE) - Unclear teaching and assessment guidelines.
- Difficult to apply in poorly resourced schools.
- Replaced by CAPS for more structured support.
Inclusive - Limited support for students with special needs in regular schools.
Education Policies
National - Many schools lack basic facilities like toilets, electricity, and
Education internet, affecting learning.
Infrastructure
Mission Education - Reinforced social hierarchy by preparing black students for low-
level jobs.
- Offered limited education, usually only to primary level.
- Gender and racial segregation in learning roles.
- Faced a lack of resources for training.
Bantu Education - Provided low-quality education for black students, aimed at low-
Act (1953) wage jobs.
- Schools for black students were severely underfunded.
- Schools were overcrowded and poorly equipped.
Missionary - Taught values (like humility) that critics say kept black students in
Influence on lower social roles.
Social Roles - Prepared most black students for labor roles, not professional
careers.
1976 Student - Student activism led to lower discipline and pass rates.
Revolt’s Aftermath - The Black Consciousness Movement increased tensions in
schools.
Post-Apartheid - Racial gaps continue, with white and middle-class students
Educational achieving higher success rates.
Inequality - Class gaps have also grown among black students.
Teacher - Poor teacher accountability due to absenteeism and union
Professionalism influence.
- Black female teachers often work in tougher conditions in low-fee
schools.
Outcomes-Based - Complex ideas but lacked practical classroom support.
Education (OBE) - Unclear teaching and assessment guidelines.
- Difficult to apply in poorly resourced schools.
- Replaced by CAPS for more structured support.
Inclusive - Limited support for students with special needs in regular schools.
Education Policies
National - Many schools lack basic facilities like toilets, electricity, and
Education internet, affecting learning.
Infrastructure
