2024
JUNE OSPE NOTES
Marvelous Aderibigbe
,Contents
The Anatomy and Histology of the Respiratory System – SEM 2 and 3 notes combined ....................... 2
Cardiovascular OSPE Notes .................................................................................................................. 19
CVS Histology........................................................................................................................................ 19
CVS ANATOMY ...................................................................................................................................... 27
The Anatomy of the MediasJnum........................................................................................................ 43
The Anatomy of Blood vessels .............................................................................................................. 45
FROG PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICAL ............................................................................................................. 57
Frog Quiz .............................................................................................................................................. 59
CVS ECG PracJcal.................................................................................................................................. 63
ECG QUIZ .............................................................................................................................................. 66
Spirometery Quiz and Notes ................................................................................................................ 70
Histology of LymphaJc system ............................................................................................................. 76
MED MICRO Quizzes............................................................................................................................. 82
1
,The Anatomy and Histology of the Respiratory System – SEM 2 and 3
notes combined
The functions of the respiratory system:
• Moving air to and from exchange surfaces of the lung along respiratory
passageways
• Provide extensive surface area for gas exchange between air in the lungs and
blood
• Protects respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temperature changes and
defending against pathogens
• Producing sound for communicate
• Facilitate detection of odours
The anatomical division of the RS
Upper respiratory tract:
• Nose
• Nasal cavity
• Paranasal sinuses
• Pharynx
Lower respiratory tract:
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Bronchioles
• Alveoli of the lungs
The functional division of the respiratory system
Components:
Conducting portion: filters, warms, moistens and conducts air to the lungs
• Nasal cavity
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Bronchioles – up to the terminal bronchioles
Respiratory portion: gaseous exchange with blood and minimises damage
against foreign particles
• Respiratory bronchioles
• Alveoli
2
, The nasal cavity
Region Structure Function
Vestibules -Keratinised stratified -Vibrissae filter particles
squamous epithelium from inspired air and trap
-Course hairs (vibrissae) bugs
-Sebaceous and sweat
glands
Respiratory -Pseudostratified ciliated -Lamina propria contain
columnar epithelium with mucous and serous
mucous producing goblet glands that moisture the
cells air
-Lamina propria
-Cavernous bodies
3
JUNE OSPE NOTES
Marvelous Aderibigbe
,Contents
The Anatomy and Histology of the Respiratory System – SEM 2 and 3 notes combined ....................... 2
Cardiovascular OSPE Notes .................................................................................................................. 19
CVS Histology........................................................................................................................................ 19
CVS ANATOMY ...................................................................................................................................... 27
The Anatomy of the MediasJnum........................................................................................................ 43
The Anatomy of Blood vessels .............................................................................................................. 45
FROG PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICAL ............................................................................................................. 57
Frog Quiz .............................................................................................................................................. 59
CVS ECG PracJcal.................................................................................................................................. 63
ECG QUIZ .............................................................................................................................................. 66
Spirometery Quiz and Notes ................................................................................................................ 70
Histology of LymphaJc system ............................................................................................................. 76
MED MICRO Quizzes............................................................................................................................. 82
1
,The Anatomy and Histology of the Respiratory System – SEM 2 and 3
notes combined
The functions of the respiratory system:
• Moving air to and from exchange surfaces of the lung along respiratory
passageways
• Provide extensive surface area for gas exchange between air in the lungs and
blood
• Protects respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temperature changes and
defending against pathogens
• Producing sound for communicate
• Facilitate detection of odours
The anatomical division of the RS
Upper respiratory tract:
• Nose
• Nasal cavity
• Paranasal sinuses
• Pharynx
Lower respiratory tract:
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Bronchioles
• Alveoli of the lungs
The functional division of the respiratory system
Components:
Conducting portion: filters, warms, moistens and conducts air to the lungs
• Nasal cavity
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Bronchioles – up to the terminal bronchioles
Respiratory portion: gaseous exchange with blood and minimises damage
against foreign particles
• Respiratory bronchioles
• Alveoli
2
, The nasal cavity
Region Structure Function
Vestibules -Keratinised stratified -Vibrissae filter particles
squamous epithelium from inspired air and trap
-Course hairs (vibrissae) bugs
-Sebaceous and sweat
glands
Respiratory -Pseudostratified ciliated -Lamina propria contain
columnar epithelium with mucous and serous
mucous producing goblet glands that moisture the
cells air
-Lamina propria
-Cavernous bodies
3
