US History-1301 Key Terms and Definitions (Chapters 1-4) Actual Exam Questions And 100% Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+.

Beringia - correct answer Land bridge formed during the final Ice Age connecting Asia and North America, now submerged beneath the Bering Sea. Agricultural Revolution - correct answer The gradual shift from nomadic hunting and gathering to settlement and cultivation of basic food crops that occurred worldwide from 7,000 to 9,000 years ago. Eastern Woodland Cultures - correct answer Term given to Indians from the Northeastern region who lived on the Atlantic coast and supplemented farming with seasonal hunting and gathering. Columbian Exchange - correct answer The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas from first contact throughout the era of exploration. Conquistadors - correct answer 16th-century Spanish explorers, often of noble birth, who subdued the Native Americans and created the Spanish empire in the New World. Greedy men with a desire for riches and instant wealth. Treaty of Tordesillas - correct answer Negotiation devised by the pope in 1494 that divided the world along a north-south line in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, granting Spain all lands west of the line and Portugal lands east of the line. Enocomienda System - correct answer An exploitive system created by the Spanish rulers that granted Conquistadors control of Native American villages and their inhabitants' labor. Virgin de Guadalupe - correct answer Apparition of the Virgin Mary that has become a symbol of Mexican nationalism. Mixing of the Spanish and Native American ethnic groups. Coureurs de bois - correct answer Fur trappers in French Canada who lived among the Native Americans. Protestant Reformation - correct answer 16-century religious movement in England to reform and challenge the spiritual authority of the Roman Catholic Church. The Spanish Armada - correct answer Spanish fleet sent to invade the English in 1588. Joint-stock Company - correct answer Business enterprise that enabled investors to pool money for commerce and funding for colonies. House of Burgesses - correct answer The elective representative assembly in colonial Virginia. Headright - correct answer System of land distribution in which settlers were granted a 50-acre plot of land from the colonial government for each servant or dependent they transported to the New World. It encouraged to recruitment of a large servile labor force. Mayflower Compact - correct answer Agreement among the Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower in 1620 to create a civil government at Plymouth colony. Puritans - correct answer Members of a reformed Protestant sect in Europe and America that insisted on removing all vestiges of Catholicism from religious practice. Great Migration - correct answer Migration of 16,000 puritans from England to the Massachusetts Bay colony during the 1630s. Antinomianism - correct answer Religious belief rejecting traditional moral law as unnecessary for Christians who posses saving grace and affirming that a person could experience divine revelation and salvation without assistance of a formally trained clergy. Quakers - correct answer Members of a radical religious group, formally know as the Society of Friends, that rejects formal theology and stress each person's "inner light," a spiritual guide to righteousness. Indentured Servant - correct answer Persons who agree to serve a master for a set number of years in exchange for the cost of transportation to America. Dominate for of labor in the Chesapeake colonies before slavery. Yeoman - correct answer Southern small landholders who owned no slaves, and who lived primarily in the foothills of the Appalachian and Ozark mountains. (Middle Class) Royal African Comany - correct answer Slaving company created to meet colonial planters' demands for slave labor. Mercantilism - correct answer Assumed that the supply of wealth was fixed. To increase wealth, a nation needed to export more goods than it imported. Favorable trade, protective economic policies, and colonial possessions rich in raw materials were imported in achieving this balance. Enumerated Goods - correct answer Raw materials, such as tobacco, sugar, and rice, that were produced in the British colonies and under the Navigation Acts had to be shipped only to England or its colonies. Navigation Acts - correct answer Commercial restrictions that regulated colonial commerce to favor England's accumulation of wealth. Bacon's Rebellion - correct answer An armed rebellion in Virginia () led by Nathanial Bacon against the colony's royal governor, Sir William Berkeley. Dominion of New England - correct answer Incorporation of the New England colonies under a single appointed royal governor that lasted from . Glorious Revolution - correct answer Replacement of James ii by William iii and Mary ii as English Monarchs in 1688, marking the beginning of constitutional monarchy in Britain. Spectral Evidence - correct answer In the Salem witch trials, the court allowed reports of dreams and visions in which the accused appeared as the devil's agent to be introduced as testimony. The accused had no defense against this kind of "evidence." When the judges later disallowed this testimony, the executions for witchcraft ended. Backcountry - correct answer In the 18th-century, the edge of settlement extending from western Pennsylvania to Georgia. This region formed the 2nd frontier as settlers moved from the Atlantic coast into the interior. Middle Ground - correct answer A geographical area where two distinct cultures meet and merge with neither holding a clear upper hand. Enlightenment - correct answer Philosophical and intellectual movement that began in Europe during the 18th-century. It stressed the use of reason and science to solve social, practical, and scientific problems. Consumer Revolution - correct answer Period between when exports to the American colonies increased by 360% to satisfy Americans' demand for consumer goods. (Introduction of Credit) Great Awakening - correct answer