SPAUD 523 Midterm questions with
100% correct answers
The four stages of swallowing - correct answer ✔✔Oral prep, oral pharyngeal, esophageal
Xerostomia - correct answer ✔✔Dry mouth from a lack of saliva
Important parts of the oral prep phase - correct answer ✔✔Bolus formation, labial seal, tongue, sensory
recognition, oral manipulation, buccal musculature, nasal breathing
Which tongue hold position is more common? - correct answer ✔✔Tipper
What is the role of the buccinator? - correct answer ✔✔The buccinator remains tight during the oral
prep stage to prevent the bolus from falling into the sulci
Tongue thrust - correct answer ✔✔The tongue is pushed outside of the oral cavity because of excessive
muscle tone. Often seen in patients with neurological conditions
Taste receptors of the tongue - correct answer ✔✔Anterior 2/3 of the tongue: CN VII
Posterior 1/3 of the tongue: CN IX
Taste is transmitted to the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in medulla and sensorimotor cortex by the
thalamus
What event activates the oral phase? - correct answer ✔✔The tongue actively moves the bolus back into
the pharynx
Important parts of the oral phase - correct answer ✔✔Lingual control and motion, oral transit, oral
clearance of the bolus
,Oral transit - correct answer ✔✔The time taken for the oral phase to occur. Usually takes a second or
less
Important parts of the pharyngeal phase - correct answer ✔✔Onset, termination, airway closure,
elevation and retraction of the SP, hyolaryngeal excursion, tongue base and posterior pharyngeal wall
action, contraction of the pharyngeal constrictors, UES opening
Triggering/initiation of pharyngeal swallow during the pharyngeal stage - correct answer ✔✔Varies with
age and consistency. Location of triggering begins at the faucial pillars for infants and slowly moves
backward to the valleculae in adults
Airway closure during swallowing - correct answer ✔✔Coordination between respiration and swallowing
must be maintained or else the bolus will fall into the lungs, leading to possible aspiration pneumonia
and death. Cessation of apneic period always resumes on exhalation to clear the airway
Elevation and retraction of the soft palate during the pharyngeal stage - correct answer ✔✔Helps to seal
off the oral and nasal cavities, build up pressure, and prevent food from going into the nasal cavity. There
is contact between the soft palate and the pharyngeal wall
Muscles of the soft palate - correct answer ✔✔Tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, palatoglossus,
palatopharyngeus, musculus uvulae
Hyolaryngeal excursion during the pharyngeal phase - correct answer ✔✔Super-anterior movement of
the hyoid and larynx as a functional movement that helps to facilitate other parts of swallowing. Done by
the suprahyoid muscles
Closure of the larynx during the pharyngeal phase - correct answer ✔✔Occurs at the levels of the
epiglottis, false vocal folds, and true vocal folds. Epiglottic inversion closes the airway, the true and false
vocal folds close
Tongue base and posterior pharyngeal wall action during the pharyngeal phase - correct answer
✔✔Retraction of the BOT to the PPW helps create pressure to help with the flow of the bolus and
clearing of residue. Pressure helps with bolus transit
, Contraction of the pharyngeal constrictors during the pharyngeal phase - correct answer ✔✔Creates
pressure to help move the bolus down the pharynx. Occurs with the stylopharyngeus,
salpingopharyngeus, and palatopharyngeus
UES opening during the pharyngeal phase - correct answer ✔✔Cricopharyngeal muscles open the UES.
Three mechanisms (hyolaryngeal excursion, neural control, bolus pressure) force it to open
What happens during the esophageal phase? - correct answer ✔✔The bolus enters the UES, passes
through the esophagus, and leaves through the LES. Peristaltic waves push the bolus through the
esophagus. Esophageal transit time varies greatly depending on many factors
Four major components of the neurological control of swallowing - correct answer ✔✔Afferent control
(sensory), swallowing centers in the brainstem, cerebral/midbrain/cerebellar controls/influences,
efferent control (motor)
Afferent control - correct answer ✔✔CN V: general oral sensation from the mouth
CN VII: taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
CN IX: taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
CN X: sensory information from the pharynx, larynx, and esophagus
Swallowing centers in the brainstem - correct answer ✔✔Medulla (individuals with a medullary stroke
tend to have significant dysphagia), NTS, nucleus ambiguus (motor center for swallowing), CPG (central
pattern generator), reticular formation, interneurons
Supramedullary control - correct answer ✔✔Cerebral cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum, fMRI
Cerebral cortex - correct answer ✔✔Primary cortex and sensory areas, anterior insular cortex, premotor
and supplementary motor area, anterior cingulate gyrus
Thalamus - correct answer ✔✔Sensory relay station
Basal ganglia - correct answer ✔✔Putamen, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus (motor relay station,
muscle tone and inhibition of extra movement)
100% correct answers
The four stages of swallowing - correct answer ✔✔Oral prep, oral pharyngeal, esophageal
Xerostomia - correct answer ✔✔Dry mouth from a lack of saliva
Important parts of the oral prep phase - correct answer ✔✔Bolus formation, labial seal, tongue, sensory
recognition, oral manipulation, buccal musculature, nasal breathing
Which tongue hold position is more common? - correct answer ✔✔Tipper
What is the role of the buccinator? - correct answer ✔✔The buccinator remains tight during the oral
prep stage to prevent the bolus from falling into the sulci
Tongue thrust - correct answer ✔✔The tongue is pushed outside of the oral cavity because of excessive
muscle tone. Often seen in patients with neurological conditions
Taste receptors of the tongue - correct answer ✔✔Anterior 2/3 of the tongue: CN VII
Posterior 1/3 of the tongue: CN IX
Taste is transmitted to the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in medulla and sensorimotor cortex by the
thalamus
What event activates the oral phase? - correct answer ✔✔The tongue actively moves the bolus back into
the pharynx
Important parts of the oral phase - correct answer ✔✔Lingual control and motion, oral transit, oral
clearance of the bolus
,Oral transit - correct answer ✔✔The time taken for the oral phase to occur. Usually takes a second or
less
Important parts of the pharyngeal phase - correct answer ✔✔Onset, termination, airway closure,
elevation and retraction of the SP, hyolaryngeal excursion, tongue base and posterior pharyngeal wall
action, contraction of the pharyngeal constrictors, UES opening
Triggering/initiation of pharyngeal swallow during the pharyngeal stage - correct answer ✔✔Varies with
age and consistency. Location of triggering begins at the faucial pillars for infants and slowly moves
backward to the valleculae in adults
Airway closure during swallowing - correct answer ✔✔Coordination between respiration and swallowing
must be maintained or else the bolus will fall into the lungs, leading to possible aspiration pneumonia
and death. Cessation of apneic period always resumes on exhalation to clear the airway
Elevation and retraction of the soft palate during the pharyngeal stage - correct answer ✔✔Helps to seal
off the oral and nasal cavities, build up pressure, and prevent food from going into the nasal cavity. There
is contact between the soft palate and the pharyngeal wall
Muscles of the soft palate - correct answer ✔✔Tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, palatoglossus,
palatopharyngeus, musculus uvulae
Hyolaryngeal excursion during the pharyngeal phase - correct answer ✔✔Super-anterior movement of
the hyoid and larynx as a functional movement that helps to facilitate other parts of swallowing. Done by
the suprahyoid muscles
Closure of the larynx during the pharyngeal phase - correct answer ✔✔Occurs at the levels of the
epiglottis, false vocal folds, and true vocal folds. Epiglottic inversion closes the airway, the true and false
vocal folds close
Tongue base and posterior pharyngeal wall action during the pharyngeal phase - correct answer
✔✔Retraction of the BOT to the PPW helps create pressure to help with the flow of the bolus and
clearing of residue. Pressure helps with bolus transit
, Contraction of the pharyngeal constrictors during the pharyngeal phase - correct answer ✔✔Creates
pressure to help move the bolus down the pharynx. Occurs with the stylopharyngeus,
salpingopharyngeus, and palatopharyngeus
UES opening during the pharyngeal phase - correct answer ✔✔Cricopharyngeal muscles open the UES.
Three mechanisms (hyolaryngeal excursion, neural control, bolus pressure) force it to open
What happens during the esophageal phase? - correct answer ✔✔The bolus enters the UES, passes
through the esophagus, and leaves through the LES. Peristaltic waves push the bolus through the
esophagus. Esophageal transit time varies greatly depending on many factors
Four major components of the neurological control of swallowing - correct answer ✔✔Afferent control
(sensory), swallowing centers in the brainstem, cerebral/midbrain/cerebellar controls/influences,
efferent control (motor)
Afferent control - correct answer ✔✔CN V: general oral sensation from the mouth
CN VII: taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
CN IX: taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
CN X: sensory information from the pharynx, larynx, and esophagus
Swallowing centers in the brainstem - correct answer ✔✔Medulla (individuals with a medullary stroke
tend to have significant dysphagia), NTS, nucleus ambiguus (motor center for swallowing), CPG (central
pattern generator), reticular formation, interneurons
Supramedullary control - correct answer ✔✔Cerebral cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum, fMRI
Cerebral cortex - correct answer ✔✔Primary cortex and sensory areas, anterior insular cortex, premotor
and supplementary motor area, anterior cingulate gyrus
Thalamus - correct answer ✔✔Sensory relay station
Basal ganglia - correct answer ✔✔Putamen, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus (motor relay station,
muscle tone and inhibition of extra movement)
