Obstructive disorders 1°problem: getting AIR OUT
Disorders symptoms other issue Breathing pattern/ Tx
Asthma Allergic response: -Coughing: to help with expiration
-↑heparin - wheezing+squeaking: air
common causes: -↑ Histamine trapping
- allergen trigger allergic reaction = ↑Kf => leaky capillaries
- local or systemic edema Tx:
- ↑ Mucus production 1. Inflammation:
=↑R - corticosteroids
- inflammatory response
⇓ 2. Bronchospasms:
Airway radius = ↑R
a. Sympathetic: B2 Agonists
- Albuterol
Inflammatory signaling molecules: - Epinephrine
- trigger bronchiole constriction = ↑R
(Bronchospasms) b. Parasympa: mAChR blockers
-Ipratropium (Atrovent)
-from atropine
Chronic Bronchitis Chronic inflammatory response: Excessive Changing breathing pattern cannot
(COPD) - thickening of Airway lining mucus compensate for mismatched
- ↑ Mucus production production ventilation-perfusion
common causes: ⇓ ⇓
-exposure to: ↓ Airway radius = ↑R ↓ S.A. for gas Blue Bloaters
=Airborne pollutants exchange Symptoms:
=Smoking ⇓ - hypoxemia
↓ diffusion - hypercapnia
*must last 3 months to 1 year for rate - pulmonary HTN
two years consecutively ( Fick’s law) - shortness of breath
Tx:
Inflammation:
-corticosteroids
Emphysema Over compliance- Longs stretchable Alveoli Can change breathing pattern to
but black elastic recoil Destruction match perfusion!
common causes: ⇓
- smoking Elastic tissue destruction ↓ S.A. for gas Pink Puffers:
- air pollution ↓ recoil ability (exhalation) exchange X no hypoxemia or hypercapnia
(chest recoil wins - BARREL CHEST) ⇓
⇓ ↓ diffusion - over ventilate to get air out
↓ tractive forces rate = pursed lips⇒ ↑Airway length
⇓ ( Fick’s law) = ↑R
↓ bronchial radius upon Build up back pressure to keep
EXHALATION = ↑R bronchioles from collapsing
TRIPOD POSITION
Disorders symptoms other issue Breathing pattern/ Tx
Asthma Allergic response: -Coughing: to help with expiration
-↑heparin - wheezing+squeaking: air
common causes: -↑ Histamine trapping
- allergen trigger allergic reaction = ↑Kf => leaky capillaries
- local or systemic edema Tx:
- ↑ Mucus production 1. Inflammation:
=↑R - corticosteroids
- inflammatory response
⇓ 2. Bronchospasms:
Airway radius = ↑R
a. Sympathetic: B2 Agonists
- Albuterol
Inflammatory signaling molecules: - Epinephrine
- trigger bronchiole constriction = ↑R
(Bronchospasms) b. Parasympa: mAChR blockers
-Ipratropium (Atrovent)
-from atropine
Chronic Bronchitis Chronic inflammatory response: Excessive Changing breathing pattern cannot
(COPD) - thickening of Airway lining mucus compensate for mismatched
- ↑ Mucus production production ventilation-perfusion
common causes: ⇓ ⇓
-exposure to: ↓ Airway radius = ↑R ↓ S.A. for gas Blue Bloaters
=Airborne pollutants exchange Symptoms:
=Smoking ⇓ - hypoxemia
↓ diffusion - hypercapnia
*must last 3 months to 1 year for rate - pulmonary HTN
two years consecutively ( Fick’s law) - shortness of breath
Tx:
Inflammation:
-corticosteroids
Emphysema Over compliance- Longs stretchable Alveoli Can change breathing pattern to
but black elastic recoil Destruction match perfusion!
common causes: ⇓
- smoking Elastic tissue destruction ↓ S.A. for gas Pink Puffers:
- air pollution ↓ recoil ability (exhalation) exchange X no hypoxemia or hypercapnia
(chest recoil wins - BARREL CHEST) ⇓
⇓ ↓ diffusion - over ventilate to get air out
↓ tractive forces rate = pursed lips⇒ ↑Airway length
⇓ ( Fick’s law) = ↑R
↓ bronchial radius upon Build up back pressure to keep
EXHALATION = ↑R bronchioles from collapsing
TRIPOD POSITION
