Final Assignment
xxx
Tilburg School of Humanities and Digital Sciences, Tilburg University
880500-M-3: RS: Survey (Fall)
xx
, Technology statement
Question Yes/No List the Tools/Services (if applicable)
Did you use any tools or services to Yes Quillbot.
paraphrase text from other sources (for
example, a thesaurus or the Academic
Phrasebank)? Please name them
Did you use any tools or services to Yes Spelling and Grammar in Word, and
check spelling or grammar? Please Grammarly.
name them.
Did you use any tools or services to No
typeset the given text? Please name
them.
Did you use any tools or services to Yes ChatGPT.
generate part of the text? If so, please
name them.
Did you use any generative AI tools or No
software for other aspects of your
thesis? If so, please name them.
, Teacher explanation
Aim of the study
The purpose of this study is to understand how Lowlands festival visitors use the Lowlands app
during the event, and perceive its usability. Therefore, only participants who had the app installed on
their phones during the festival are eligible for the survey. To ensure that participants meet this
inclusion criteria, there are two control questions at the beginning of the survey. Participants who do
not meet these criteria (i.e., select "No" to the screening questions) will be redirected to the end of the
survey with the message: "Thank you for your interest, but this survey is only for visitors of Lowlands
who have used the Lowlands app during the festival”). The survey will be distributed to Lowlands'
existing customer base via an email containing a link to the Qualtrics survey, which is accessible on
both desktop and mobile devices.
Introduction
The introduction addresses the key elements outlined by Toepel (2016), while remaining concise to
prevent scaring of respondents. It informs participants about the study’s purpose, the researchers
involved, why they were selected, how their data will be handled, the survey's duration, and includes
an informed consent request. This ensures participants have enough information to feel comfortable
participating and cooperating.
Latent constructs
In my survey, I incorporated four latent constructs derived from the Technology Acceptance Model
(TAM), developed by Davis based on the Theory of Reasoned Action. According to TAM, user
acceptance of technology is driven by their' behavioral intention, which is influenced by two key
perceptions: the perceived usefulness of the technology in completing tasks and the perceived ease of
use. TAM provides a framework to understand a wide range of user behaviors related to the adoption
and utilization of technology (Davis, 1989).
Perceived Usefulness (PU)
The latent construct of Perceived Usefulness (PU) measures “the degree to which a person believes
that using a particular system would enhance their performance” (Davis, 1989) and is assessed using a
7-point Likert scale (1 = strongly agree to 7 = strongly disagree) with six items (Abdullah et al., 2016;
Chen & Tsai, 2017; Davis, 1989). This choice is based on the fact that three of the four studies
reviewed utilized six items to measure this construct (see Appendix 1). I adapted the original items
from Abdullah et al. (2017) to better fit this survey, as their study measured PU for an e-portfolio, not
an app. Specifically, I revised one item from “Using the app increases my productivity” to “Using the
app makes it easier to,” as “productivity” isn't applicable to the Lowlands app. Consequently, two
statements now begin with “Using the app makes it easier to”. The items for this construct are
relevant, appropriate for participants, and adequate for its purpose, ensuring face validity.
Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU)
Secondly, the latent construct Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) measures “the degree to which a
person believes that using a particular system would be free of effort” (Davis, 1989) by using a
7-point Likert-scale (1 = strongly agree, 2 = moderately agree, 3 = slightly agree, 4 = neutral, 5 =
slightly disagree, 6 = moderately disagree and 7 = strongly disagree) with six items (Abdullah et al.,
2016; Chen and Tsai; Merikivi et al., 2017). This choice is based on the fact that three of the five
studies reviewed utilized six items to measure this construct (see Appendix 2). For this survey, I
adapted Davis' (1989) original items to fit the context of the Lowlands app. These items have also
been modified and applied in previous studies (Abdullah et al., 2016; Chang et al., 2012). To reflect
the usage of the app during the festival, I revised the original future tense phrasing to present and past
tenses. Additionally, I adjusted one item from "My interaction with" to "Interacting with" for clarity.
xxx
Tilburg School of Humanities and Digital Sciences, Tilburg University
880500-M-3: RS: Survey (Fall)
xx
, Technology statement
Question Yes/No List the Tools/Services (if applicable)
Did you use any tools or services to Yes Quillbot.
paraphrase text from other sources (for
example, a thesaurus or the Academic
Phrasebank)? Please name them
Did you use any tools or services to Yes Spelling and Grammar in Word, and
check spelling or grammar? Please Grammarly.
name them.
Did you use any tools or services to No
typeset the given text? Please name
them.
Did you use any tools or services to Yes ChatGPT.
generate part of the text? If so, please
name them.
Did you use any generative AI tools or No
software for other aspects of your
thesis? If so, please name them.
, Teacher explanation
Aim of the study
The purpose of this study is to understand how Lowlands festival visitors use the Lowlands app
during the event, and perceive its usability. Therefore, only participants who had the app installed on
their phones during the festival are eligible for the survey. To ensure that participants meet this
inclusion criteria, there are two control questions at the beginning of the survey. Participants who do
not meet these criteria (i.e., select "No" to the screening questions) will be redirected to the end of the
survey with the message: "Thank you for your interest, but this survey is only for visitors of Lowlands
who have used the Lowlands app during the festival”). The survey will be distributed to Lowlands'
existing customer base via an email containing a link to the Qualtrics survey, which is accessible on
both desktop and mobile devices.
Introduction
The introduction addresses the key elements outlined by Toepel (2016), while remaining concise to
prevent scaring of respondents. It informs participants about the study’s purpose, the researchers
involved, why they were selected, how their data will be handled, the survey's duration, and includes
an informed consent request. This ensures participants have enough information to feel comfortable
participating and cooperating.
Latent constructs
In my survey, I incorporated four latent constructs derived from the Technology Acceptance Model
(TAM), developed by Davis based on the Theory of Reasoned Action. According to TAM, user
acceptance of technology is driven by their' behavioral intention, which is influenced by two key
perceptions: the perceived usefulness of the technology in completing tasks and the perceived ease of
use. TAM provides a framework to understand a wide range of user behaviors related to the adoption
and utilization of technology (Davis, 1989).
Perceived Usefulness (PU)
The latent construct of Perceived Usefulness (PU) measures “the degree to which a person believes
that using a particular system would enhance their performance” (Davis, 1989) and is assessed using a
7-point Likert scale (1 = strongly agree to 7 = strongly disagree) with six items (Abdullah et al., 2016;
Chen & Tsai, 2017; Davis, 1989). This choice is based on the fact that three of the four studies
reviewed utilized six items to measure this construct (see Appendix 1). I adapted the original items
from Abdullah et al. (2017) to better fit this survey, as their study measured PU for an e-portfolio, not
an app. Specifically, I revised one item from “Using the app increases my productivity” to “Using the
app makes it easier to,” as “productivity” isn't applicable to the Lowlands app. Consequently, two
statements now begin with “Using the app makes it easier to”. The items for this construct are
relevant, appropriate for participants, and adequate for its purpose, ensuring face validity.
Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU)
Secondly, the latent construct Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) measures “the degree to which a
person believes that using a particular system would be free of effort” (Davis, 1989) by using a
7-point Likert-scale (1 = strongly agree, 2 = moderately agree, 3 = slightly agree, 4 = neutral, 5 =
slightly disagree, 6 = moderately disagree and 7 = strongly disagree) with six items (Abdullah et al.,
2016; Chen and Tsai; Merikivi et al., 2017). This choice is based on the fact that three of the five
studies reviewed utilized six items to measure this construct (see Appendix 2). For this survey, I
adapted Davis' (1989) original items to fit the context of the Lowlands app. These items have also
been modified and applied in previous studies (Abdullah et al., 2016; Chang et al., 2012). To reflect
the usage of the app during the festival, I revised the original future tense phrasing to present and past
tenses. Additionally, I adjusted one item from "My interaction with" to "Interacting with" for clarity.
