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, Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach, 7e (Silverthorn)
Chapter 1 Introduction to Physiology
Releases their contents into the extracellular fluid
lysosomes and peroxisomes
Small storage vesicles that contain digestive enzymes
nucleus
Contains the DNA, in the form of chromatin
nuclear envelope
The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus
nuclear pore complexes
Allow controlled chemical communication between the nucleus and cytosol
nucleoli
Nuclear areas that control the synthesis of RNA for ribosomes
protein syntesis
Example of how the cells separates functions by isolating them to separate compartments within the cell.
epithelial, connective, muscle, and neural.
Four primary tissue types in the human body:
extracellular matrix
Secreted by cells provides support and a means of cell-cell communications
extracellular matrix
Composed of proteoglycans and in-soluble protein fibers
three
Animal cell junctions fall into ... categories
gap junctions
An animal cell junction that allows chemical and electrical signals to pass directly from cell to cell.
tight junctions
An animal cell junction that restricts the movement of material between cells.
anchoring junctions
An animal cell junction that holds cells together to each other or to the extracellular matrix.
cell adhesion molecules; CAMs
Membrane proteins that are essential in cell adhesion and in anchoring junctions.
adherens junctions
desmosomes and ... anchor cells to each other.
desmosomes
adherens junctions and ... anchor cells to each other.
hemidesmosomes
focal adhesions and ... anchor cells to matrix.
focal adhesions
hermidesmosomes and ... anchor cells to the matrix
epithelial tissues
These protect the internal environment, regulate the exchange of material, or manufacture and secrete
chemicals.
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, exchange, transporting, ciliated, protective, and secretory
Name the five functional types found in the body
exchange epithelia
Permits rapid exchange of materials, particularly gases
transporting epithelia
Actively regulate the selective exchanges of nongaseous materials between the internal and external
environments
ciliated epithelia
Moves fluid and particles across the surface of the tissue
protective epithelia
Helps prevent exchange between the internal and external environments
secretory epithelia
Releases secretory products into the external environment or the blood
exocrine glands
Releases their secretions into the external environment through ducts.
endocrine glands
Ductless glands that release their secretions, called hormones, directly into the extracellular fluid
connective tissues
Have extensive extracellular matrix that provides structural support and forms a physical barrier.
loose connective tissues
These are the elastic tissues that underlie skin.
dense connective tissues
Have strength and flexibility because they are made of collagen
dense connective tissues
Tendons and ligaments are this time of tissue
adipose tissue
This tissue stores fat
blood
This connective tissue is characterized by a watery matrix
cartilage
This is solid and flexible and has no blood supply.
bone
This is hardened by deposits of calcium salts; a fibrous matrix
excitable tissues
Muscle and neural tissues are called this because of their ability to generate and propagate electrical
signals called action potentials.
muscle tissue
This tissue has the ability to contract and produce force and movement.
cardiac, smooth, and skeletal
These are the three types of muscle
neural tissue
This tissue includes neurons which use electrical and chemical signals that transmit information from
one part of the body to another, and supports glial cells.
glial cells
Neural tissue supports these types of cells.
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